Newark Museum :: Art

ROMAN OBJECTS 1. Different Roman Portrait Heads The picture of a whiskery man is from 150-175a.d. It is from the Antoine Period (138-192a.d.). The picture is reasonable to me since it is a figure of somebody. My impacts on this are his whiskers is somewhat wavy. His hose has a piece missing or is simply harmed genuine terrible. He is made out of marble. His face seems as though he is frantic or something, genuine extraordinary. It likewise seems as though it had cuts in his temple and part of his eye. His hair resembles a heap of whip cream. GREEK GALLERIES 2. Sculpture of Kouros The shade of the stone of the sculpture of Kouros I would portray it as beige. The fixes to the sculpture are everywhere throughout the body. It has breaks everywhere throughout the arms, chest, back, and so forth his headband is affixed by something on his head that resembles dots with spaces all through them. It is from 590-580b.c during the bygone time frame. It stands really tall and furthermore has somewhat amazed going on with his correct foot back and his left foot up. Specialty OF MESOAMERICA 3. â€Å"Fat Baby† from Olmec Culture The â€Å"Fat Baby† is during the ninth twelfth century b.c.e., during the Olmec time frame. The figure is white and empty. The child is by all accounts snacking on his pointer, seating down with his legs open. It is quite enormous importance fat and looks old. It has a cap on that looks light pink and his lip is pulled back. The infant has no teeth and is split. It has a straight line going down his back with plans everywhere throughout the left side. Antiquated NEAR EASTERN ART 4. Human-Headed Winged Bull It is from the Neo-Assyran period during 883-859b.c.e. The most elevated alleviation would be its head. The composing was all around the sculpture in an alternate composition. It is exceptionally huge and tall. It is on a decent bit of the side of a foyer. It looks sort of cool with a bull’s body with wings and a human’s head on it. The face is somewhat clever in view of the facial hair I surmise assuming long and genuine even. The human-headed wing bull had five legs. ASIAN GALLERIES 5. Standing Buddha The standing Buddha is from the fifth century 319-500b.

Jean-Paul Sartre and Louis Althusser as Responses to Vichy France Essay

Jean-Paul Sartre and Louis Althusser as Responses to Vichy France The Second World War appears to have enormously affected scholars composing on abstract hypothesis. While their contentions are generally bound to a structure that from the outset become flushed appears to just apply to hypothesis, a closer assessment finds that they contain a naturally political angle. Driven by the mental injury of the war, scholars, especially French scholars, wind up scrutinizing the structures that prompted the specific occasions and circumstances of the war. A significant number of these authors wound up headed to connect with the dreary opposition against the Vichy system in France and looked for basic models that disclose or let go the blame of a self-satisfied populace. Specifically, Jean-Paul Sartre and Louis Althusser reshaped the thought of the creator and the subject to include the presence of a careless populace. Sartre principally fretted about the job of the creator while Althusser tended to the job of the subject. It must be recalled, be that as it may, that Sartre’s model of the submitted creator has suggestions that change the thought of the subject somewhat, similarly as Althusser’s model of belief system alters the idea of the creator. In understanding to their center (the writer or the subject), the two essayists arrive at conflicting resolutions with respect to the job of moral obligation. Tending to the issue of a self-satisfied populace in â€Å"What is Literature?†, Sartre’s conceptual thoughts of the essayist uncover a specific distraction with the bombed opposition in World War II. In particular, he decides to straightforwardly address the Resistance artists: How might one plan to incite the resentment or the political eagerness of the rea... ... the intricacy and the blame of a careless populace, the two essayists reexamined the possibility of the writer and the subject. Regardless of being to a great extent opposing, the two of them leave space for some understanding. One could contend that the decision introduced by the creator to the subject in Sartre fits inside Althusser’s belief system of philosophies. To the extent that it is the author’s duty to uncover the philosophy, the world, to the subject and it is the subject’s obligation to decipher the belief system or the content. In any case, this shared view is both restricted and precarious and would be troublesome, best case scenario, to help. References Althusser, Louis. â€Å"Ideology and Ideological State Apparatuses.† Contemproary Critical Theory. Dan Latimer (ed.). San Diego: Harcourt 1989. Sartre, Jean-Paul. â€Å"What is Literature?† and Other Essays. Cambradge, MA: Harvard University Press 1988.

Job Satisfaction in MNCs

Employment Satisfaction in MNCs Employment Satisfaction in MNC Presentation Employment fulfillment is one of most significant fields of study in the subject of human asset the board. This significant job of occupation fulfillment work drives the route in guaranteeing elevated level of employment fulfillment among the representatives. Occupation fulfillment capacity of any HR vertical of an association is basically answerable for profitability of representatives and the worker turnover. Since these two angles can represent the moment of truth the associations execution in all zones, it requires consideration from top administration. Occupation fulfillment work by and large is a piece of the HR vertical with an away from of rousing worker and consistently making progress toward higher representative employment fulfillment through presentation of new strategies and systems. The theme frames a vital piece of hierarchical viability and that has impelled me to pick this subject of occupation fulfillment. I will attempt to contemplate the current writing on work fu lfillment and will pick worldwide organizations to consider their shifted activity fulfillment techniques and make investigation. Occupation fulfillment work is a tremendous theme and can't be totally canvassed in this thesis. Different analysts have just distributed their exploration articles regarding this matter. I will be creating on it through understanding the various systems utilized by MNCs in todays business condition for keeping up better degrees of employment fulfillment. Occupation fulfillment as expressed before is an intricate point and henceforth I will attempt to separate it to easier and increasingly practical systems to comprehend the manner of thinking of an association to guaranteeing better employment fulfillment among its workers. As indicated by Wood (1973), â€Å"job fulfillment is the state of happiness with ones work and its condition, meaning a positive attitude.† Locke (1976) expressed that, â€Å"job fulfillment could be seen as a pleasurable or positive passionate state coming about because of the evaluation of ones occupation or employment experiences.† At the end of the day, it can likewise be expressed that, â€Å"job fulfillment was just an element of how much a vocation furnished the laborer with decidedly values outcomes.† Wanous (1980) said that, â€Å"job fulfillment was a match between a people need and the support got from work acted in an organization.† The HR vertical of any association will attempt to accomplish more significant levels of occupation fulfillment through different procedures like honors program, work revolution, inner advancement conspire, family visits and preparing forms. There is no goal to accomplishing work fulfillment yet the excursion is interminable in nature. Constant improvement is the situation in accomplishing generally great job fulfillment among the representatives. The proportion of occupation fulfillment must be accomplished through correlation in comparable enterprises and through the representative turnover and efficiency information. Occupation fulfillment is one of the most generally talked about and eagerly considered builds. Nonetheless, work fulfillment is among the most troublesome builds to characterize. A survey of writing shows that established meanings of the build shift starting with one analyst then onto the next. Wood (1973) portray the activity fulfillment as â€Å"the state of satisfaction with ones work and its in my brain, signifying a positive attitude†(p.8.). Locke (1976) expressed that activity fulfillment could be seen as â€Å" a pleasurable or positive enthusiastic state coming about because of the evaluation of ones occupation or employment experiences.† (p.1300) there are a few explanations behind contemplating work fulfillment. â€Å" Organizations significant occupation fulfillment basically on account of its assumed direct relationship to the transient objectives of cost decrease through expanded individual profitability and diminished unlucky deficiencies, mistakes, and turnover.† (Cranny et al, 1992). Levels of occupation disappointment have been seen as identified with work turnover, unlucky deficiencies, and lateness. Turnover rates have been the most reliable major related with work fulfillment. The potential negative results of worker turnover regarding the effect of associations. Negative impacts of occupation turnover can include: expanded expenses to enroll, select and train new boss; debilitation of residual workers; diminished social connections among representatives; negative advertising; disturbance of a howdy fi and two-day exercises; and diminished authoritative prospects to seek after development techniques. Indeed, a few analysts detailed a noteworthy connection among non-appearance and employment fulfillment. As indicated by Lawler (1977), â€Å"the look into proof unmistakably shows that representatives choices about whether they will go to chip away at some random day and whether they will stop as influenced by their sentiments of occupation fulfillment. All the writing surveys regarding the matter have arrived at a similar resolution. The way that current fulfillment impacts future non-appearance and turnover obviously demonstrates that the business course is from fulfillment to behavior.† The writing likewise uncovers that there is an alliance chip between work fulfillment and factors, for example, accomplishment, acknowledgment, the word itself, duty, headway, approach and organization, oversight, pay, relational relations, working conditions, EH, Ted Newell, instructive level, work exercises, and sex. The Purpose of the Study The reason to pick this point is to investigate the significance of occupation fulfillment in Multi National Companies (MNCs). The motivation to go for MNCs is the expansion in the move over of the workers for future development. The moving, along these lines, remembers the fulfillment for the given activity job. Through my exploration, I will attempt to break down the causes and impact connection between the worker and the elements behind occupation fulfillment in a given MNC. Point of the Study The primary point of the examination is to explore the remaining parts prompting negative and positive occupation fulfillment in a MNC. The Objectives of the Study The key goals of the picked subject are: 1. Evaluating the reasons for worker mentalities. 2. Declaring the aftereffects of positive or negative activity fulfillment 3. Estimating the worker mentality 4. To survey feature explicit degrees of employment fulfillment 5. To gauge general occupation fulfillment, Writing Review There are a few purposes behind considering work fulfillment. â€Å"Organizations measure work fulfillment principally in light of its assumed direct relationship to the transient objectives of cost decrease through expanded individual profitability and diminished truancy, blunders, and disappointment has been seen as identified with work turnover, non-appearance and tardiness.† Turnover rates have been the most limitations measure related with work fulfillment (Atchison Lofferts, 1972; Brayfield Crockett, 1955l Dawis Lofquist, 1981). Mowday (1984) restate the plausible critical importance of representative turnover as far as the effect on associations. There are different effects of cynicism in work fulfillment on the turnover of the organization, for example, * Increase in the enrollment cost. * Recruiting new workers and afterward preparing them too. * It can prompt decreased social relations ships among representatives. * No or just hardly any advertising. * Reduction in companys possibilities which can hamper the development. As indicated by Lawler (2005), â€Å"the investigate proof obviously shows that representatives choices about whether they will get the opportunity to take a shot at some random day and whether they will stop are affected by their sentiments of occupation fulfillment. The way that current fulfillment impacts future non-attendance and turnover obviously shows the causal heading is from fulfillment to behavior†. There is a relationship between's activity fulfillment and factors, for example, accomplishment, acknowledgment, the work itself, obligation, progression, strategy and organization, working conditions, oversight, work exercises and sexual orientation. Research Methodology Saunders et al (2005) â€Å"Research configuration is the course of action of conditions for assortment and investigation of information in a way that intends to join importance to the exploration reason with economy in procedure†. The examination to be followed is a bit by bit process. This makes the whole research process orderly. Just essential research will be utilized to draw inductions. The sources utilized will be of global notoriety and will be reliable. The principle source will be contextual investigation and furthermore a few books, diaries, articles and distributions including Internet sources. Writing audit Occupation fulfillment concerning ones inclination or perspective with respect to nature of their work. Employment can be affected by assortment of variables like nature of ones relationship with their administrator, nature of physical condition in which they work, level of satisfaction in their work, and so on. Uplifting demeanor towards work are proportionate to work fulfillment where as negative disposition towards work has been characterized differently every once in a while. In short employment fulfillment is a people disposition towards work. Employment fulfillment is a disposition which comes about because of adjusting summation of numerous particular preferences experienced regarding the activity their assessment may rest to a great extent upon ones achievement or disappointment in the accomplishment of individual target and upon saw blend of the activity and mix towards these finishes. As indicated by pestonejee, â€Å"Job fulfillment can be taken as a summation of representatives sentiments in four significant areas.† These are: 1. Occupation nature of work (dull, hazardous, intriguing), long periods of work, individual laborers, openings at work for advancement and progression (possibilities), additional time guidelines, enthusiasm for work, physical condition, and machines and instruments. 2. The executives administrative treatment, investment, prizes and disciplines, acclaims and faults, leaves strategy and partiality. 3. Social relat

KTG leader ship Essay Example for Free

KTG pioneer transport Essay Presentation An ecological examination in vital administration plays a very importantâ role in organizations by pinpointing present and potential chances or dangers outside the organization in its outer condition. The outside condition incorporates political, ecological, innovative and sociological occasions or patterns that can influence the business straightforwardly or in a roundabout way. The primary target in this report is an ecological investigation utilizing all the variables and breaking down devices , by and large directed as a feature of an examination of qualities, shortcomings, openings, and dangers (SWOT) when a vital arrangement is being created. Administrators rehearsing key administration must direct an ecological investigation quarterly, semi-yearly, or every year, contingent upon the idea of the businesss business concentrating on the followings: Analyzing factors adequacy on our association as one of the greatest gathering in the human services benefits in the locale. Association sources and contenders. Association esteems chain development. SWOT investigation assessment. Ref: http://www.wisegeek.com/what-is-the-job of-natural investigation in-vital management.htm , 2014 3.ANALYSING FACTOR EFFECTIVENESS: 3.1 Macro Environment Analysis: Perhaps the best instrument for considering patterns in the Macro condition is the PESTEL examination. (Figure 1) Figure 1 3.1.1Political elements: Since we are situated here in the UAE, we have no tax collection and this is one of the quality point we are rely upon. and yet our organization group not perceiving that the base wages ought to be expanded looking at with different offices and emergency clinics in our locale as a major contenders. 3.1.2Economic: Monetary elements incorporate financial development, loan costs, trade rates and the expansion rate. These components impactsly affect how organizations work and decide. For instance, loan fees influence an organizations cost of capital and subsequently to what degree a business develops and grows. Trade rates influence the expenses of sending out merchandise and the gracefully and cost of imported products in an economy. What's more, since our association as privet human services office, in light of the benefit rate it takes in the thought every one of these elements particularly after it engaged with the financial exchange a year ago. Adjacent to that the new arrangement is to limit the costs that identified with the intrigue conversion standard by following the centralization approach. ex. making one research center for all branches with a controlled transportation framework for sending the patients tests to the brought together lab as opposed to having a different lab in each branch 3.1.3Social: Our association as one of the privet medical clinics in the district , is giving all the solid exercises, human services giving, failing to give any changing as a segment patterns. We are doing outside exercises supporting some specific individuals the individuals who have an interminable ailment like the diabetic patients to have increasingly more information about themselves and how to take care about it. Ref(CBS course , theme 2 , page # 5) 3.1.4Technology: We are relying upon the improvement of new innovation to look after seriousness. Ex(opening new division of the Nuclear medication for early Cancers diagnostics ) 3.1.5 Environment: factors incorporate biological and ecological perspectives, for example, climate, atmosphere, and environmental change, which may particularly influence businesses, for example, the travel industry, cultivating, and protection. Moreover, developing consciousness of the potential effects of environmental change is influencing how organizations work and the items they offer, both making new markets and lessening or annihilating existing ones. Ref http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PEST_analysis As per our national guidelines and natural jobs ,we are following the EHSMS(Emirates Health Safety Management System). 3.1.6 Legalâ include separation law, customer law, antitrust law, business law, and wellbeing and security law. These components can influence how an organization works, its expenses, and the interest for its items. The administrations in the clinic is the equivalent for all patients and the need is just for the dire and crisis cases just not as indicated by the nationality, shading or some other segregation issues. Furthermore, on the opposite side there is a unique track for the VIP patients ,giving the best quality to be the primary decision in the locale as a privet emergency clinic. 3.2 Micro Environment Analysis: Probably the best apparatus for considering patterns in the Micro condition is the watchman investigation. (Figure 2) Figure 2 Doorman five powers examination is a structure for industry investigation and business procedure improvement. It draws upon modern association (IO) economicsâ to infer five powers that decide the serious force and in this way appeal of a market. Engaging quality in this setting alludes to the general business gainfulness. An ugly industry is one in which the mix of these five powers acts to drive down by and large gainfulness. An exceptionally ugly industry would be one moving toward unadulterated rivalry, in which accessible benefits for all organizations are headed to ordinary benefit. This investigation is related with its central trailblazer Michael E. Three of Porters five powers allude to rivalry from outer sources. The rest of interior dangers. 3.2.1 Threat of Substitute Products or Services: A substitute is an item that plays out the equivalent or comparable capacity as another item. Microeconomics instructs that the more substitutes an item has, the interest for the item turns out to be increasingly versatile. Versatile interest implies expanded buyer value affectability which likens to less assurance of benefits. For instance, open transportation subs for driving a vehicle, and email subs for composing letters. Conditions that expansion the danger of substitutes are: 1.2.1.1 An alluring cost of substitutes: Our association as a privet medicinal services facilty relies upon the insurance agencies in the amount they are fixing the costs of the administrations and items, however they are attempting to do some advertising utilizing unique costs for the works in some organization by doing full test assessment for those individuals who don’t secured by protection. 1.2.1.2 Increased nature of substitutes: Our office is attempting to give the best quality to be the main decision in the locale in the privet human services area. Centering increasingly more to observe the most noteworthy worldwide gauges like the JCIA (Joint Commission of global accreditation) ,CAP(Collage of American Pathologist) and the ISO ..Etc 1.2.1.3 Low changing expenses to customers: our Administration isn't changing the expense to the buyers since they are secured by medical coverage. In any case, once in a while they are changing the expenses to the staff by limiting the staff without enough investigation to the outstanding task at hand or halting the yearly augmentations. 3.2.2 . Risk of Entry: Gainful markets that yield exceptional yields will pull in new firms. This outcomes in numerous new contestants, which in the end will diminish gainfulness for all organizations in the business. Except if the passage of new firms can be obstructed by occupants (which in business alludes to the biggest organization in a specific industry, for example, in media communications, the customary telephone organization, normally called the officeholder administrator), the strange benefit rate will slant towards zero (flawless rivalry). The accompanying components can affect the amount of a risk new participants may represent: The presence of obstructions to passage (licenses, rights, and so forth.). The most alluring section is one in which passage hindrances are high and leave obstructions are low. Barely any new firms can enter and non-performing firms can exit without any problem. Government strategy Capital prerequisites Supreme expense Cost hindrances autonomous of size Economies of scale Economies of item contrasts Item separation Brand value Exchanging costs or sunk expenses Anticipated counter Access to dissemination Client dependability to set up brands Industry gainfulness (the more productive the business the more alluring it will be to new contenders) Contention Between Established contenders: Contention alludes to how much firms react to serious moves of different firms in the business. Contention among existing firms may manifestâ itself in various manners cost rivalry, new items, expanded degrees of client care, guarantees and ensures, promoting, better systems of discount merchants, etc. The level of contention in and industry is a component of various interfacing auxiliary highlights: Rivalry will in general heighten as the quantity of contenders increments and as they firms become increasingly equivalent in size and capacity. Market contention is normally more grounded when interest for the item is developing gradually. Rivalry is increasingly exceptional when opponent firms are enticed to utilize cost slices or other advertising strategies to support unit volume. Competition is more grounded when the expenses brought about by clients to change their buys starting with one brand then onto the next are low. Market competition increments with respect to the size of the result from an effective vital move. Market competition will in general be progressively energetic when it costs more to escape a business than to remain in and contend. Contention turns out to be increasingly unstable and eccentric the more assorted contenders are as far as their systems, their characters, their corporate needs, their assets, and their nations of inception. Competition increments when solid organizations outside the business procure powerless firms in the business and lunch forceful, very much subsidized moves to change their recently gained firms into significant market contenders. Two standards of serious contention are especially significant: (1) an amazing serious methodology utilized by one organization heightens serious weights on different organizations, and (2) the way where opponents utilize different serious weapons to attempt to outma

Rules for Punctuating Quotes in Your Essay

When you are writing an essay, its very important to support arguments with good evidence. Quotations can be an effective thing, and if you use them in your work properly, its possible to create a successful and bright paper. Needless to say that your essay must be written in accordance with certain rules. If you are going to include some quotations into your work, you have to know all rules about punctuation. In this article, we are going to tell you how to punctuate quotations in an essay. Keep reading and find the main rules of punctuation weve gathered for you here. What are marks for quotes? While you are making an essay, you may need to put some persons words in it. Special marks are used to put such phrases correctly in the paper. They help to mark other persons words you use from sources. You should remember that marks have to be used in pairs always. There are some differences in using such marks. For example, in the USA, they use single marks if include some quoted words within another quote. People in Great Britain have different rules about single-quote marks and double-quote marks. But in general, all quotes should be marked in your essay according to the requirements. Thats why its an important moment to clarify with your professor or teacher when you are going to create a paper with some quotations included. Rules how to use quotes in an essay correctly There are some certain rules when you need to put quotation marks in your paper. Follow the next rules when youre making an essay: In general, we need quotation marks to mark direct quotes, words, or titles. Marks shouldnt be put when youre using block quotations. When you quote an entire sentence, the text should be capitalized, but you shouldnt do it when you need to put just a fragment. Punctuating quotations in essays can be varied for different cases. Single marks must be used for quotes within quotes. Direct quotations should be introduced and interrupted with commas. If your quotation goes before words â€Å"she said†, â€Å"he reported†, â€Å"they asked†, you should put the comma after the quote. f a quotation is used as an object or subject, it doesnt need a comma. You must mark technical terms, words put in any unusual way, or other non-standard expressions. If a quoted material is more than one paragraph, you need to open a new paragraph with a mark, and to use closing quotation mark only when the passage is ended. How to correctly write a quote in an essay: direct and indirect quotes If you need to use someones word in your essay, it is possible to do with quotation marks. There are two ways how to do it. For example, lets say you need to put into your paper a phrase that your friend said: Arthur said, â€Å"Its better to fulfill my homework on math for tomorrow before I go to the party†. But, from the other side, it is possible to make the same sentence without quotation marks: Arthur said that hed like to fulfill his homework on math for tomorrow before he goes to the party. The first sentence is an example of the direct quote, where you just put Arthurs words into your essay. The second example is an indirect quote where you just paraphrase Arthurs saying. Remember that you must mark only direct quotes. Rules how to punctuate quotes in an essay You have to remember these simple rules to punctuate quotations in the paper properly: The beginning quotation mark should be inserted right before the quoted phrase (without spaces), and the end of mark must be inserted after the last word of the quote, without spaces. You have to place the period right after the citation. Never use a semicolon to introduce a quotation; keep in your mind you must use only comma and colon for this. How to introduce quotations in an essay Its quite understandable that you cannot just integrate a quote standing alone into your essay. There are four ways how to correctly put a quote in an essay: Write a complete sentence related to the quote and put a colon. Example: Colin R. Davis said about the success: â€Å"The road to success and the road to failure are almost exactly the same.† Write an explanatory phrase and put a comma to separate it from the quotation. Example: According to Jim Rohns words, â€Å"Successful people do what unsuccessful people are not willing to do.† Integrate a quotation into your own sentence without any punctuation between your sentence and quote. Example: Michael John Bobak insists that â€Å"All progress takes place outside the comfort zone†. Use just a few words of quotation as an integrated part of your own sentence. Example: Thomas J. Watson detects his formula of success by his famous words â€Å"go ahead and make mistakes†. Verbs and phrases used to introduce quotations All words that introduce quotes, can be divided into three categories: Neutral verbs that usually mean â€Å"says†. Example: the author comments, reports, states, shows, notes – these are neutral verbs that go before the quote. Strong verbs that usually shows an argument, and the quote after this word can disagree or support the one side of the argument. These are words: the author argues, compares, rejects, claims, denies, etc. Inference verbs that indicate an argument and a quote shows support or disagreement. Example: The author thinks, suggests, implies. So, now you know everything about how to put a quote in an essay correctly. We hope this article was helpful, and you will create a successful paper with proper quotation marks. Remember that its important to make an interesting and bright work, but its also important to follow all rules about punctuation.

Medea and the Women of The Tale of Genji Trapped in a Man’s World - Literature Essay Samples

Medea, in Medea by Euripides, might be described as a hysterical and ruthless murderer, for she kills an innocent princess and slaughters her very own children. The women in The Tale of Genji by Murasaki Shikibu could easily be described as needy and foolishly jealous, for they are depicted whining and biting their husband’s fingers out of vicious envy. Why did these women act in the ways that they did? Perhaps their actions were not born from inherent personality traits, but rather actions of the oppressed. As the Norton Anthology claims, â€Å"this is the unspeakable violence of the oppressed, which because it has been long pent up, cannot be controlled† (Knox/Thalmann 615). Whatever the case, the women in each story are clearly acting out of desperation to escape an andro-centric reality. These were women who faced oppression and ultimately lived very unhappy lives due to their unrealistic gender expectations, and a lack of rights and power in society. To begin with Medea, Medea, like the women in The Tale of Genji, is a victim of a society that holds unrealistic gender expectations for women; in many cases men in society even hold women to a double standard. Medea was born into her unfortunate state of exile, all due to her attempts to live up to the self-sacrificing ideal of womanhood. Medea killed her own father, and abandoned her own country all for Jason’s well being. The expectation for women to be selfless is described in the following lines; â€Å"And she herself helped Jason in every way./ This is indeed the greatest salvation of all,/ For the wife not to stand apart from the husband† (Euripides 13-15). While women are held to such expectation, it is a double standard, for men are not expected to do the same. Jason does not stand by Medea when he quickly leaves her for another and ultimately fates her to banishment. In many aspects men did not appreciate women for the individual that they were, but rather use d them in ways of self-fulfillment. Not only did Jason apparently use Medea selfishly as a way to escape Iosco’s, but also as exemplified in the text, women of Greece were mostly just a means for rearing children. Jason says to Medea, â€Å"It would have been far better for men/ to have got their children in some other way, and women/ Not to have existed† (Euripides 561-563). In many ways Medea proves a point by murdering her children as a way to show that she is not just a mother, that she and all women in society matter as complex individuals with agendas and emotions of their own. Medea, understanding her expectations women utilizes the prescribed feminine role of selflessness and motherhood to get Jason to go along with her plan. She tells Jason to, â€Å"Beg Kreon that the children may not be banished†(636,) regardless of her own fate. Complementing the gender biased expectations that women faced, women also suffered from a lack of rights and power in society. Medea is helpless to the fact that as a man, her husband, has the power to divorce her. Women do not of the same rights; â€Å"there is no easy escape† (Euripides 233). In fact, â€Å"nor can she say no to her marriage† (Euripides 234). Medea is put in between a rock and hard place when she faces banishment, for women in Greece do not have any economic power or ways to survive independently without the reliance of a man. Without Jason, Medea has no home and no way to feed herself or her children. The Norton Anthology explains, â€Å"Medea is both woman and foreigner†¦she is a representative of the two freeborn groups in Athenian society that had almost no rights at all† (Knox/Thalmann 615). Angered at the powerless reality of Greek women Medea cries, â€Å"We women are the most unfortunate creatures† (Euripides 236). It is wit h a lack of any other resources that Medea resorts to using magic and trickery—it is the only power she is offered in society. Like women in Greek society women in Japanese culture, as demonstrated in The Tale of Genji, were are not valued for being the independent individuals they are, rather they are a seen as a pawn or a piece of property. Their identities were created by a andro-centric society in which men held the power to create an impossible ideal of what a woman should be. The Norton Anthology explains, â€Å"It was not only attention and affection they sat waiting for behind their screens but a definition of themselves which depended entirely on male recognition† (Danly1334). The men in the novel describe an ideal woman. The â€Å"soft, feminine† women are admired, however if a woman takes her femininity it too far and is â€Å"too domestic† and pays â€Å"no attention to her appearance† she is no longer though fondly of (Shikibu 1442). They talk about the benefits of a â€Å"gentle, childlike wife† in which a man â€Å"must see to training her and making up for her inadequacies† (Shikibu 1442). Such women are valued because, like a child, they are considered to have not even have their own independent thoughts and need someone to domineer over them. Again however, there is a double standard placed on these women, for in such cases the men criticize their lack of ability to â€Å"perform various services† (Shikibu 1442) when it comes to duties the man needs her to accomplish for him. It is not important for a woman to be capable and independent in general, as a man would actually prefer that she not be, however when it comes to matters benefiting the man she is expected to have the independence needed to perform. In fact, while the men desired women who lived secluded and untouched by others they regretted their lack of ability to counsel them about public manors. The men settle on an ideal of a â€Å"quiet and steady girl† (Shikibu 1442,) that is, someone who is submissive enough and does â€Å"not give to tantrumsâ₠¬  (Shikibu 1442). The men mostly criticize women who overcome with jealousy or are in any other way not fluid to the lifestyle the men participated in which included polygamy, sexual freedom and societal independence. The men explain that, â€Å"It is very foolish for a woman to let a little dalliance upset her so much that she shows her resentment openly† (Shikibu 1443). Women not only faced impossible expectations struggling to manipulate themselves in a way that best catered to men, they themselves are told, â€Å"when there are crisis, incidents, a woman should try to overlook them† (Shikibu 1443). Again, in a manner that recalls Medea, the women in The Tale of Genji are at the whim of the male dominated world they live in with very little power or independence of their own. They grow up under the shelter of their parents and eventually are at the whim of a marriage to a man and would most likely even continue living with their parents. They were not invited to participate in the world in the same way that men were. The Norton Anthology explains, â€Å"Nor did they enjoy the same mobility as men or have careers, except as ladies-in-waiting† (Danly 1433). Unlike women in Greece, woman in Japan could â€Å"own, inherit, and pass on property† (Danly 1433). Regardless, they still suffered from a sense of helplessness, as money could not save them from many products of a male dominated culture. The wife of the Governor of Iyo is a great example of a woman who is powerless to her circumstances. Not only has she been married to a man she does not care for, but she faces the disturbance of Genji breaking into her room and was made to â€Å"surrender† to his will (Shikibu 1455). While she â€Å"would have liked to announce to the world that a strange man had invaded her boudor,† she was also overcome with guilt and ashamed that her husband might find out (Shikibu 1455). The lack of remorse on Genji’s part shows the amount of power men had to be able to selfishly partake in such actions despite the consent of the other, as her consent was not of any great concern. She does not have very much power or rights of her own. Women in Japan were not participating in decision making of any sort, and certainly not any government or society decision-making. As the Norton Anthology describes, â€Å"A noblewoman’s days were spent behind curtains and screens, hidden from the world (or from the male world)† (Danly 1433). Unless of coarse a man had a particular desire to momentarily pull a woman away into his world for his pleasure , â€Å"women lived a circumscribed existence† (Danly 1433). The result of such a cultural reality for the women of both Greece and Japan was that the women faced a great deal of unhappiness and dissatisfaction with life. Medea regularly expresses, â€Å"lost in my sufferings,/ I wish, I wish I might die† (Euripides 96-97). The mental and emotional strain on women in The Tale of Genji is evident as well: She thought constantly about hiding her less favorable qualities, afraid they might put me off (Shikibu 1445). Their actions and behaviors were not products of negative personality traits but rather desperate expressions in the only way they were afforded within their cultures, due largely to unrealistic gender expectations. The women themselves did not want to be murders, or jealous wives, but were acting out of despair at being trapped within a man’s world. Works Cited Bernard Knox and William Thalmann. Euripides. The Norton Anthology of World Literature. Shorter 2nd ed. New York: W.W. Norton, 2009. 614-615. Print. Danly, Robert. Murasaki Shikibu. The Norton Anthology of World Literature. Shorter 2nd ed. New York: W.W. Norton, 2009. 1432-1436. Print. Euripides. Medea. The Norton Anthology of World Literature. Shorter 2nd ed. New York: W.W. Norton, 2009. 616-645. Print. Danly, Robert. Murasaki Shikibu. The Norton Anthology of World Literature. Shorter 2nd ed. New York: W.W. Norton, 2009. 1432-1436. Print.

How Has The Internet Affected Your Privacy - 991 Words

September 26, 2013 How Has The Internet Affected Your Privacy? After the terrorist attacks on September 11, 2001 the government took a big step forward in trying to protect the American people. Today, 12 years later, the government continues to protect the American people online in ways that are questioned daily. The questions remain, does the government really need to be watching us online? What privacy do we have while using our computers? Imagine shopping at your favorite store, you go in and look around and notice a stranger following you around at a distance. You look back and he is writing something down while you check out. People have the same vision of someone watching them online. They envision that the government is†¦show more content†¦They don’t think that a government agency should be keeping information files about internet users. Now that we have learned some of what the government is doing online to protect us from the evil in the world today and also what they are do ing to protect themselves, we need to learn how we can protect ourselves from the big brother in a sense. There are many tools out there to protect yourself while you are browsing the web. Passwords and security of passwords are some of the most common helps out there. Did you know that you shouldn’t tell everyone what you are doing on your social media profiles? Don’t tweet or post if you are going out of town, that could be an easy target for a hacker. Instead post on your profile once you get back home from a family vacation or trip. Another tip could be to make sure that you protect your computer and browser. Make sure your anti-virus is up to date as well as make sure that your internet browser of choice is the current up to date version with all of the security pitches. With all of the uncertainty in the world today, it makes sense that our government wants to make sure that we are protected. No matter what someone may be looking for, they can most likely find i t on the internet in some form or another. It is amazing how easy it is to get information on materials that may cause great harm to another.Show MoreRelatedNegative Effects Of The Internet1229 Words   |  5 PagesNjootli MMC 110 23 September 2017 Negative impact of Internet convenience on its users The convenience the Internet provides in our daily lives is having an adverse impact on its users. Being able to socialize, shop, and access incredible amounts of information at the press of a button has swiftly changed the dynamics of society in the last 20 years. This sudden development of being able to manage our lives through the Internet has negatively affected those who rely on it too much. Consumers are fallingRead MoreEdward Snowden: There is no Online Privacy in this Technological Era941 Words   |  4 Pageson privacy is extremely controversial in today’s world. As the United States’ use of the internet, a global web of interconnected computer networks, expands, so does its problem with privacy invasion. With the U.S. pushing for new laws governing internet use, citizens are finding their privacy being pulled right from underneath them. Web users are buying and selling personal information online as well as hacking users for more information. One may argue that there is no such thing as privacy on theRead MoreMedia Ethical Challenges in the Age of the Internet1037 Words   |  5 Pagesin the Age of the Internet CMM-330 Ethical Issues in Mass Media Spring 2010 Research Paper Over the years the internet has literally revolutionized the mass media industry and, in the process one of the most affected areas by the internet is in the area of compliance with media ethical standards. These ethical problems are invasion of privacy, inaccuracy, and copy right infringement. One of the biggest ethical problems is privacy rights over the internet. Internet privacy is defined as theRead MoreEssay On Internet Privacy1658 Words   |  7 PagesInternet Privacy: An introduction (Mike Campbell) A famous and often misunderstood quote from Benjamin Franklin says that those who would give up an essential liberty to purchase a small, temporary safety, deserve neither the liberty nor the safety (Wittes, 2015) . This quote is usually used in the opposite of its original intent, according to historical context (Wittes, 2015) but it’s easy to see why it may be misused. The sentiment we likely draw from it is that sacrificing privacy for safetyRead MoreCybercrime : A Broad Spectrum Of Criminal Activities874 Words   |  4 Pagesin the cloud, online data storage, which can be accessed through the internet, it does not take long for the criminals to figure out how they can steal your information. Cybercrime can cover a broad spectrum of criminal activities using a computer. Many of these activities include cyber bullying, financial fraud, and identity theft. Since most of our information is stored online, whether it is through social media or even your hospital records, w ith the right set of skill and a little bit of luckRead MoreThe Effects Of Social Media On Teenagers And Young Adults1652 Words   |  7 Pagesaddiction has become a serious issue nowadays because the internet has the possibilities to create psychological problems to students. The internet is changing the way we communicated in our generation but not precisely in a healthier way. The overdoing or abuse of internet can have poor influences on our lives and result in social disorders. The children in our generation are growing up with the internet which means students will spend approximately over five hours on social media and the internet theRead MoreDisadvantages Of Privacy On The Internet880 Words   |  4 Pages Have you ever noticed after searching the internet, you log into Facebook or any other social media for that matter, and as you scroll down the page you come across an advertisement for something you were looking at in your prior search? Why do you think that is? Privac y is something we humans hold in high regard. With today’s rapidly expanding technology, there is more information traversing the network than ever before. Individuals and organizations alike can’t just assume the intended receiverRead MoreHow Technology and Social Media Has Changed Our Lives832 Words   |  3 Pagesof technology has changed peoples lives by connecting with other people around the world by using social media websites, applying for a job on the internet, buying products from retail websites, and etc. Technology has also changed the way we are and how we behave. But the most important is that the use of technology change the way we live now. The use of todays technology is taking advantage over peoples lives. The following ways have affected people by using technology: privacy information isRead MoreNSAs invasion of privacy1408 Words   |  6 Pages NSA’s Invasion of Privacy Whether it is calling someone on your phone or online shopping on the computer, people are more connected than ever to the internet. However, a person might be oblivious to the fact that they are being watched using these technologies. The NSA (National Security Agency) is an intelligence organization for the U.S. to protect information systems and foreign intelligence information. Recently the NSA has been accused of invading personal privacy through web encryptionRead MoreThe Internet: How Private is Your Privacy?1146 Words   |  5 PagesThe Internet: How Private is Your Privacy? Would you go up to a random stranger and hand them all of your personal information: home address, social security number, credit card number, etc†¦? This is exactly what people do every single day when they are on the internet signing up for online banking, social networks, and even online shopping. According to Internet World Stats, approximately 239,893,600 people in the United States alone account as internet users by 2010 (United States). Consequently

Aids/Hiv Essay 2 - 1504 Words

Acquired immune deficiency syndrome, also known as AIDS is a disease that gradually attacks breaks down the human immune system that starts out with the virus called HIV, or human immunodeficiency virus. AIDS makes it impossible for the people suffering with the disease to fight off simple infections and viruses that normal, healthy individuals wouldn’t be affected by. It’s not the virus that actually kills the individual, it’s the small scale outside infections, tumors, and viruses that kills the person because the AIDS virus destroys that person’s immune system, which is the only defense we have against viruses. Scientists and researchers have been puzzled with the AIDS virus since it began in the 1980s— and it’s still a topic of†¦show more content†¦Directly a resulting from the chimp being eaten, or the blood of the chimp somehow getting in the hunters body from the open cuts or wounds that the hunter had (avert.org/aids-impact-africa†¦). Normally, the virus would have been fought off, but in the countless times this situation has happened, the strain changed ever so slightly, as the virus attempted to adapt within the human body. Eventually, this virus developed into the virus we now know as HIV. Of all the people suffering and living today with the HIV/AIDs virus, two-thirds of them live in sub-Saharan Africa, while this is true, this region constrains little more than 10 percent of the world’s population. The AIDS virus has caused an extreme amount of suffering in the people of Africa. The virus is everywhere, and this is what makes this virus so hard to stop. It’s directly affecting households, schools, and workplaces and even destroying what little economy the Africans had. In 2009, it’s estimated that about one million three hundred thousand adults and children have died as a direct result of AIDS in sub-Saharan Africa (avert.org/aids-impact-africa.htm). Since the beginning of this epidemic, more than fifteen million Africans have lost their lives to AIDS. Currently, is there access to treatment of HIV and AIDS, but fewer than half of Africans affected by the virus are getting the treatment (avert.org/aids-impact-africa.htm). South Africa, wit hout a doubt has one of theShow MoreRelatedIdentify one health condition and discuss the impact on an individual and or wider society1010 Words   |  5 Pagescondition and discuss the impact on an individual and or wider society This essay will focus on the health condition of (HIV) Human immunodeficiency virus and its impact on an individual’s wellbeing. A number of key dictionary definitions will follow. According to the Oxford Dictionaries (2013) Health is defined as â€Å"A person’s medical and physical condition†. HIV is human immunodeficiency virus, a retrovirus which causes Aids. Oxford dictionaries (2013). These definitions refer to the Medical ModelRead MoreHiv And Aids : A Deadly Virus Essay1358 Words   |  6 Pages HIV and AIDS Explained Sebastian V. Aparicio NorthWest Career and Technical Academy The human immunodeficiency virus commonly known as HIV, is a deadly virus if left untreated. Unfortunately there’s no cure, but ever since the outbreak 30 years ago in the United states, there have been many advances in drugs.5 The death of HIV has decreased, as well as the amount of people getting diagnosed. All in all, HIV has a unique life cycle with stages that it advancesRead MoreHIV : Useful Treatments For Infecting HIV807 Words   |  4 PagesHIV can currently be regulated by several successful treatments. The current rates of infection have been on the decline due to education, prevention, and getting people treatment according to UNAIDS1. However, a cure has not been found. With a rapidly changing virus, it will be hard to definitively create a cure anytime soon. However, there are a few new ways of treating the virus already infecting genomes of many people. These treatments will work with the current methods being used and will notRead MoreThe Epidemic Of Thailand Kingdom1477 Words   |  6 Pages Thailand kingdom is one of the success stories related to HIV incidence reduction. Located in the middle mainland peninsula of South East Asia region and surrounded by other 5 South East Asia countries (Burma, Cambodia, Vietnam, Laos and Malaysia), Thailand population has growth rapidly from 20.6 million in 1950 to around 66 million in 2015 (1,2). During 1980-1991 Thailand kingdom is one the countries that have a high rate of HIV/AIDS in South East Asia. It grouped with Cambodia, Burma and someRead MorePublic Health Authorities Need to Conduct Public Health Surveillance1590 Words   |  6 PagesModule 1 Assignment Please answer below two questions, using an essay format. Question 1 - Using HIV/AIDS as an example to discuss why public health authorities need to conduct public health surveillance and to describe how surveillance system is managed in Australia (9 marks) (Up to 800 words) Public health surveillance is defined as the ongoing systematic collection, collation, analysis and interpretation of outcome-specific data for public health purposes, closely integrated with the timelyRead MoreThe 1981 Hiv / Aids Epidemic1506 Words   |  7 PagesThe 1981 HIV/AIDS epidemic was a time of turmoil for the LGBT+ community due to the high transmission risk of HIV/AIDS between homosexuals (Richardson 5). Tension ran high within community, as different groups experienced different amounts of discrimination for their transmission risk. In particular, scholars find that â€Å"tensions between lesbian and bisexual women was much more problematic than tensions between gay and bisexual men† (Udis-Kessler 46). Despite the similarities of lesbian and bisexualRead MoreThe Prevention Of Infectious Disease1596 Words   |  7 PagesEcology of Infectious Disease Final Exam HIV Public Health Campaign Purpose of the Guide to HIV Infection for Healthcare Professionals Presented on pages 1 through 3 is a mock guide that will be handed out to public health professionals for the purpose of identifying and treating those afflicted with HIV. General Information on the Human Immunodeficiency Virus with Specified Information for the Healthcare Professional Human Immunodeficiency Virus or HIV is a single stranded positive sense RNARead MoreThe Issue Of Gay And Bisexual Women1280 Words   |  6 Pageswomen â€Å"politically untrustworthy† (â€Å"Neutralizing the Political Threat† 9). As the HIV/AIDS epidemic reached North America, historian Udis-Kessler noted that â€Å"tensions between lesbian and bisexual women became much more problematic than tensions between gay and bisexual men† (46). The political differences between lesbian and bisexual women ultimately resulted in the accusation of bisexual women transmitting the HIV/AIDS virus into the lesbian community. The rejection of bisexuals from the lesbian feministRead MoreSocial Model of Disability1716 Words   |  7 Pageswith an impairment condition and the opportunities for them to become a member of an inclusive society. This piece of work will try and address the issues surrounding a person who is diagnosed with HIV and the inter-related condition AIDS. The essay will begin with an outline of what HIV and AIDS actually is. Once diagnosis has been confirmed, then a brief discussion on the treatment and delivery and the differences between the social and medical model will address how the individual is treatedRead MoreTreating Hiv : A Life Destroying Disease1297 Words   |  6 PagesStevie Riggs Essay 2 Amcult 365 What To Know About Treating HIV HIV has been a life destroying disease since the early 1980s. Originally discovered in gay men, it was once thought to only effect homosexuals. Thankfully to great efforts on research and outbreaks in hemophiliacs, it is now associated with other social groups outside of the gay community. The risks of contracting this disease are still high among gay men, highly sexually active individuals (hetero-, homo-, and bi- sexual), intravenous

Lowering The Minimum Legal Drinking Age Essay - 1521 Words

Beer For Everyone! The debate of lowering the minimum legal drinking age (MLDA) has been going on for decades in the United States. Those opposed, argue that the current MLDA is not efficient and counterproductive (Engs 1). One study indicated that thousands of lives under the age of twenty-one are lost each year to alcohol (McCardell 1). Underage drinking is an issue that persists, despite evidence suggesting that the minimum legal drinking age of twenty-one has lowered alcohol usage among individual who are underage (Toomey 1961-1962). Teens tend to over drink, which can lead to severe consequences. They do not know better because they are inexperienced and not aware of the effects. Better drinking habits could be enforced by lowering the minimum legal drinking age. This could give eighteen year olds, when first considered as adults by most states, the right to decide about their alcohol usage (Should 1), and the ability to make safer choices which keep themselves and others safe. Most states established a minimum legal drinking age of twenty-one after the Twenty-First Amendment to the U.S. Constitution revoked Prohibition in the year of 1933 (Wechsler 986). Between 1970 and 1975, twenty-nine states reduced their minimum legal drinking age between eighteen, nineteen, or twenty after the Vietnam War draft influenced the legal voting age to be lowered to eighteen years old (Toomey 1958) as the 26th Amendment (Background 1). Congress enacted the National Minimum DrinkingShow MoreRelated Lowering the Legal Minimum Drinking Age Essay1622 Words   |  7 Pagesunderage drinking has become a major problem, especially on college campuses. But, underage drinking is not purely the root of all accidents related to alcohol. The real problem lies within the unsafe underage drinking habits amongst youth. There are ways that these alcohol-related accidents can be avoided. Several organizations have been created that are targeting a change in the legal drinking age laws. One key way to lower the risk of unsafe drinking is to lower the minimum legal drinking age fromRead MoreNegative Effects of Lowering the Minimum Legal Drinking Age in America1292 Words   |  6 Pageslooking at the drinking age in many nations, a trend of relatively young minimum legal drinking ages (MLDA) can be seen around the world. As it stands, all of America’s 50 states employ a MLDA of 21 making America one of only seven countries in the world to have a drinking age set at 21; the oldest age set as the minimum legal drinking age in the world. Where many of our friends in Europe are happily drinking away at 18, many here in America are left wondering why we don’t employ the same age requirementRead MoreChallenging The Legal Drinking Age1689 Words   |  7 PagesMackenzie Schultz Mrs. Hamilton AP English Language 25 July 2014 Challenging the Legal Drinking Age The Minimum Legal Drinking Age (MLDA) has been challenged since the passing of the National Minimum Drinking Age Act of 1984 that raised the drinking age to twenty-one in all fifty states (Ogilvie). Advocates for lowering the MLDA to eighteen years of age argue that this change will eliminate the thrill of breaking the law for young adults entering college and boost the national economy. SupportersRead MoreThe Minimum Drinking Age Act1692 Words   |  7 PagesNational Minimum Drinking Age Act. This act stated that all states must raise their minimum drinking age to 21. Individuals under the age of 21 would now be prohibited from purchasing or being in public possession of any alcoholic beverage. Though not every state was keen on this idea, they all jumped to raise the minimum drinking age due to the government threat that they would lose up to 10% of their federal highway funding if they ignored the request. However, since the National Minimum Drinking AgeRead MoreThe Legal Drinki ng Age Should Be Lowered From The Age Of 21 Essay980 Words   |  4 Pagesconsidered â€Å"adults† cannot even make their own decisions? The drinking age on alcohol is a controversial social and cultural issue in today’s society; all fifty states have a minimum drinking age of 21. The legal drinking age should be lowered from the age of 21 to 18 allowing young adults to be granted the right to drink in restaurants, bars, at social events, in the comfort of their own home, and so on. If anything, lowering the legal drinking age would have a positive impact on the United Sates economyRead MoreMinimum Legal Drinking Age ( Tietjen )1700 Words   |  7 PagesMinimum Legal Drinking Age On July 17 of 1984 President Ronald Reagan signed to make the National Minimum Drinking Age Act a law. This law required all states to have a minimum drinking age of 21, if a state did not comply with this law they could face up to a 10% cut in funding for their federal highways (Tietjen). Since this act became a law there has been two distinct sides arguing whether they agree with the minimum drinking age, or whether they disagree. One side believes having a minimum drinkingRead MoreBinge Drinking vs the Drinking Age Essays829 Words   |  4 PagesEnglish 101 March 13, 2013 Binge Drinking VS the Drinking Age Presidents of college campuses around the nation face issues of underage drinking and binge drinking on a regular basis and realizes that it is a danger and a problem. â€Å"Alcohol consumption is the third leading cause of death in the U.S., a major contributing factor to unintentional injuries, the leading cause of death for youths and young adults, and accounts for an estimated 75,000 or more deaths in the United States annually† (WechslerRead More The Drinking Age Should NOT Be Lowered Essay1006 Words   |  5 Pagesopposed to lowering the minimum legal drinking age. Choose Responsibility, a group founded by John McCardell, proposes that upon completion of a 40 hour course to educate young people about alcohol, 18, 19, and 20 year old people should be licensed to drink. The Amethyst Initiative, part of Choose Responsibility, is a petition to Congress to rethink the minimum legal drinking age. Several college leaders have signed this petition in the belief that lowering the minimum legal drinking age will reduceRead MoreShould The Minimum Drinking Age Be Lowered?1138 Words   |  5 Pagesquestion whether drinking should be lowered to eighteen or not? Citizens have gave details regarding the affirmative and negative views of the minimum drinking age be lowered to eighteen. Do you think that it is wise to lower the minimum age? Would you look at the negative and positive impacts? Is it more important to give our citizens these full rights? Currently, in the United States the legal drinking age is twenty-one. But as we all know many teenages are involved in underage drinking. But the mainRead MoreIs it Right to Lower the Drinking Age?1070 Words   |  4 Pagesissue. My question is, â€Å"Why should we lower the legal drinking age†? Current proposals to lower the minimum legal drinking age to 18 would have some benefits like increasing revenue for bars and liquor stores. However the risks surpass the benefits. Many people think that if youâ €™re 18 you’re portrayed as an adult, you’re old enough to serve your country, vote, and make your own decisions. In some cases this could be true, but lowering the drinking age would be way too risky for themselves and others

Cyber World Charms and Challenges - 1500 Words

Kumar Adarsh Charms and challenges of Cyberworld Introduction The cyber world is the hot topic of discussion. With the advancement of the science and technology, human race are trying to excel their proficiency to compete the creations of the nature. Cyber world is definitely the first step towards the same path. The Internet is something that mankind feels to be an essential part of the life. We are living an era where life would nearly come to a standstill without the use of this technology. We have got into the trap of this cyber world, for which we have created the entrance, but now trapped into the maze to search for the exit. Era of Computers and Internet ar Ad ar sh The present era of Computers, laptop, androids, Internet etc.†¦show more content†¦The bill payments and ticket-booking doesn’t take a tedious ride to the centres anymore. The same task can be accomplished sitting at home in much less time. †¢ E-books and e-library Book lovers have a wide range of collection. Many sites provide free reading samples as well. People can also purchase the book that they desire. We can also gather plenty books into our elibrary without accumulating the physical books into our book shelves. †¢ Communication and Interaction – world come closer This is a boon for those who work abroad leaving their family back in their home-land. And those parents who have got their daughter married far by, can have video interactions. This technology has definitely made hearts closer and the affection has increased. †¢ Game Zone Children and even the adults could find many fascinating games that could be downloaded any time through the Internet. This game zone provides a wide range of collection of games and people can choose as per their preference. Kumar Adarsh †¢ News and publicity The news through the Internet spreads much faster than any physical paper. Gone are the days when people used to buy newspapers. Everything is now just a click away. People get the news from time-to-time. The publicity of any matter could be done in much speedy manner to the large masses through the Internet than any other mode.Show MoreRelatedHow Have Memes Evolved And Why Do They Go Viral?1197 Words   |  5 Pageson a five by five grid, which contains words that can be read left to right or right to left, upwards or downwards, by following rows are columns, or by reading forwards or backwards. This square is still today used on amulets, talismans or even on charms to ward away evil. The Sator Square even dates back to AD 79 in the ruins of Pompeii. People believe that it was created by Jewish people, but it was originally thought to be created by Christians in the AD Third to Fifth Centuries. This is consideredRead MoreCrime Trends And The Consumption Of Crime1799 Words   |   8 Pagescrime sells . The media feature particular crimes without information regarding statistics or other characteristics, thus contributing to public fear of crime and misconceptions about the frequency of crime in order to sell crime stories. In the news world, criminal cases tend to be consumed more avidly than other types of news because of their natural newsworthiness. When a horrific crime occurs every medium available is used by the media to sell the story . The internet, radios, TV, and magazines areRead MoreDota Research Paper3274 Words   |  14 Pagesdeveloped game. The latest games swept less new ones off the shelves of gamers. This was the case for almost all game genres especially with strategy games. However, a few strategy games developed by Blizzard Entertainment never seemed to lose their charm, in fact, they continually kept growing even more popular. One such game by Blizzard Entertainment is Warcraft III: Dota. Dota stands for Defense of the Ancients. 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Children in Mixed Martial Arts Essay Example For Students

Children in Mixed Martial Arts Essay Most children are introduced to a variety of activities during their childhood, With youth sports being the most commonly participated activity. Parents sign their children up for youth sports in order for their children to stay physically active and meet Other kids Of their own age. However, not all activities are considered suitable by society for children to engage in. Understandably, most parents prohibit their children from participating in activities that would expose them to unnecessary amounts of danger and violence. However, those children are also prohibited from participating in activities that are wrongfully associated with danger and aggression due to the activitys poor reputation. A prime example is Mixed Martial Arts (MA), which most people view as a sport filled with injuries, violence, and aggression. However, studies show that MA can be sate, assist in character development, and improve the academic performance of its youth practitioners. Parents should give their children the opportunity to compete in MA because of the variety of benefits associated with MA. The iris misconception held by society is that MA is a barbaric and unsafe sport, Mas violent reputation is the product of early marketing strategies for MA events, which were advertised as trial, no-holds-barred tournaments with no time limits, no weight classes, and few rules (Blessed, teal. 136). Advertisements filled with blood and gore led the public to perceive MA as *human cook fighting, which is a first impression that MA has been unable to shake off (Blessed, et al. 136). MA has added several rules and regulations since its introduction in 1993 such as weight classes, round systems, and mandatory loves (Blessed, et al. 139). The new rules and regulations enforced in MA have resulted in a much safer environment for Mixed Martial Artists to compete in (Blessed, et al. 139). Safety regulations in MA hue taken place both during competition and during practice. During competition, Mixed Martial Artists are required to wear mandatory gloves and fight in specific weight classes with a timed round system just like boxing and other combat sports (Blessed, et al. 139). MA also utilizes the tap-out rule, which allows either athlete to end the contest if they feel that they are in danger via a physical or verbal tap (Blessed, et l. 139). The tap-out is the second most common method of ending a bout, which greatly reduces the number of injuries suffered by Mixed Martial Artists since they are able to end a match before they suffer an injury (Blessed, et al 140). Referees and ringside Physicians are also present during each MA match in order to to tether ensure the safety tot Mixed Martial Artists (Blessed, et al. 139). During competition, both the referee and the ringside Physician have the authority to stop a match at any time in order to protect the competitors from unnecessary harm (Blessed, et al_ 139). Several additional safety precautions are taken in order to protect Martial Artists during training because most of a Martial Artists time is spent in practice. Gloves, body padding, mouth guards, and headgear are a few types of equipment utilized by Mixed Martial Artists in order to protect themselves during training (Woodward 42). Many MA schools also limit the amount of sparring that its practitioners are allowed to take part in, especially beginning Martial Artists With limited experience (Woodward 42). The results of the measures taken to protect Mixed Martial Artists from harm re so effective that even doctors have acknowledged how much safer MA has become. Trauma surgeons at Canadas busiest trauma center, Foothills Medical Center, claim that they have yet to admit an MA combatant (Ball and Dixon 2). The doctors believe that based on injury rates, MA is a safer activity than other sports that are accepted by society like Little League Baseball (Ball and Dixon 1). For example, the Consumer Product Safety Committee reports that Little League Baseball contributed to the deaths of thirty-five children from 1983 to 1993, while MA has not resulted in any deaths since its beginning in 1993 (Pasternak. T al. 47; Blessed, et al. 140). Although MA has not contributed to the death of a competitor, normal MA rules present too large of an injury risk for MA to be considered a sate sport for children, Even though safety is a priority, full-contact professional Mixed Martial Artists still receive concussions in three percent of their matches (Ball and Dixon II)_ Also, over twenty-five percent of professional MA bouts are stopped due to impact to the h ead, which is the site of over two-thirds of injuries suffered by Mixed Martial Artists (Ball and Dixon E; Blessed, et al. 71 Since concussions and damaging blows to the head are too dangerous to be associated with a youth sport, modifications must be made to the rules of youth MA in order to ensure the safety of children and adolescents who wish to become Mixed Martial Artists. MA instructors like Bunny Hucksterism have made their own adaptations to MA training in order to allow children to participate in MA classes Without the risk involved With normal MA. Genetic Engineering Essay IntroductionMartial Artists do not depend on other people during competition, With no one else to rely on but themselves, Martial Artists learn to how to respond to countless situations; overcoming obstacles and solving problems in order to succeed in their competitions (Moorland 30). Children participating in MA also show an increased sense of accomplishment and self-esteem because they know that each victory is attributed to their own hard work during training (Moorland The third misconception held by society is that MA will dull a childs brain with mindless violence. A common goal shared by parents is for their children to reform well in school so that they can go on to succeed in life. MA is perceived by most parents as a street-fight between muscular delinquents to see Who can land the first lucky knock-out punch. On the contrary, MA competitions are more like a physical chess match because Mixed Martial Artists are constantly thinking quickly and adapting to different situations in order to overcome their opponent (Moorland 30). Children who participate in MA perform better in school because of attributes that they acquire through MA training like an increase in motivation, ability to focus, and ability to solve problems. Children must possess the will to do well in school before they can achieve good grades. Without the ambition to perform well in school, even a child gifted with intellect could fail to realize their potential. According to research performed by the professors in the Department tot Psychology at the University of Stretchable, children who are involved in daily physical activity hold an improved attitude towards school (Moorland 22). The students who showed a better attitude towards school performed better academically than students who were not involved in daily physical activity (Moorland 22). An article in the Wisconsin Medical Journal acknowledges that MA is an enjoyable alternative to traditional exercise that can help increase aerobic capacity, balance, strength, body fat percentages, and flexibility (Woodward 40). However, MA training is more effective in motivating students to do their best in school than other physical activities because MA inspires children to become the greatest student that they can be (Moorland 79). In order for children to succeed in the classroom, they must be able to focus on what their teacher is teaching the class. The ability to focus is crucial too Martial Artist, Which is Why the goal Of MA training is to teach Martial Artists to focus more proficiently. Children participating in Martial Arts programs show an increased ability to focus due to the physical and mental effects of MA training. In a psychological dissertation written by Hoofers universitys Matthew Moorland, Moorland stated that the physical exercise involved in Martial Arts training increases blood flow and signals nerve receptors in the blood vessels, muscles, and joints (Moorland 25). This reaction is identical to the effects that the focus dedication Concerto has on the body (Moorland 26), MA training provides children with the opportunity to become physically able to focus in school without having to rely on medication like Concerto, Maraud also claims that the mental training associated with Martial Arts helps children toots their thoughts and attention through repetitive exercises, which help calm and organize the childs mind (Moorland 31). A study at Ohio State University revealed that students show a reduction in inattentive and inappropriate classroom behavior and on-task behavior (Moorland 13). MA training teaches Martial Artists to focus effectively by ignoring distractions and focusing on what they are trying to accomplish (Moorland 31). Once children absorb the information from their teacher, they must be able to apply the knowledge that they have learned to glasswork and tests. Even though a child may understand the information taught to them in class, students must be able to effectively solve problems and think on their feet in order to perform well on tests. During MA training children participate in exercises that allow them to develop problem solving strategies and help them adapt to obstacles Moorland 30). The intuitive thinking skills that are developed through MA training allow children to think outside-of-the-box. Children can use this type of intuitive thinking to overcome difficult problems that present themselves during a test in school or at any other point in their life.

Performing and Visual Arts Essay Summary Example For Students

Performing and Visual Arts Essay Summary Among its broadest categories however, aside from visual arts such as painting music, theater and once relates to a significant aspect of performance art, painting, of course, is a form of visual art which has long taken a prominent place in the art world. Artists express their sentiments and ideologies through brushes and paint indulging in these said worldviews and inspiration by viva of paper or canvass. But more than creativity, the discipline requires an amount of coherence and structure on the artists part . The use of watercolors for instance, is perhaps the trickiest and difficult medium to master or dabble in oeuvre painting is concerned. Watercolors Painting commands the artists ability with the brush, ND the delicate balance Of mixing the colors With the aforementioned liquid. Oil paintings on the other hand, appear to have the greatest depth visually than any Other painting medium, and the concept Of Oil on canvass always rings a prominent tune where the subject of art is concerned. But artists who paint by the said medium deals with the instance of its messy process , of the relatively unpleasant smells it yields, and the stretching period of time by which it dries The opposite of which, is perhaps that of acrylic, which takes a faster time to dry, thereby dictating the time by which the artist is to finish the painting in question. The use of acrylics is also the most versatile of medium, its end result approximating, or appearing to emulate a painting done by watercolors, gouache, oil, and so on. Gouache is a medium in painting which can be synonymous with watercolors, because of the similar element existing in both medium that is water. But gouache colors appear heavier than watercolors, and dry to a rich opaque color. Because it is thinned down by water, and doesnt rely heavily on it as watercolors do, it is as less difficult to work with. At most, visual art, or painting in particular, is a two dimensional take and representation of reality and humanity. Most art movements took root and relate to aspects of painting such as Surrealism, Action Painting, Expressionism, and Cubism, among various others. They represent styles, techniques, concepts, sensibilities and philosophies which contribute to varying end results in painting. According to the textbook Perceiving the Arts, opera is defined as the combination Of drama and music into a single artistic form (Spore, 2009). Opera is made up of primarily music along with other elements similar to a play such as costumes, scenery, lights, and a plot. Unlike a play, the plot Of an opera unfolds through a combination of acting and singing. The follow provides an historical development and evolution of opera and the characteristics of the opera genre. In addition, the following provides information on famous composers associated with opera and concludes with the influence opera has made on society and culture. Historical Development and Evolution The art of opera began during the Renaissance era in the late 16th century in Florence, Italy, Opera started as Greek plays recreated by adding music. According to the Music Lessons Online web site (2010), the first recorded opera was called Deafen and it created in the late 150015, Opera style spread quickly cross Europe and soon the first opera house was built in Venice, Italy in 1637. At this time, opera became available to the public, not just aristocracy entertainment. By 1700, 16 public opera houses opened (Columbian Encyclopedia, 2008), At that time, opera was considered an Italian music form, Lyrics were written in Italian only. Christopher Cluck is a German composer credited with changing the face of opera with Refer et Eurydice in 1762, staged in Vienna. Refer et Eurydice is said to have changed opera because of its emphasis on drama (Aside, 2007). The opera was the first of many reformed operas imposed by Cluck, and influenced composers like Mozart. Refer et Eurydice set the standard for the modern opera style we see today. Opera finally emerged in German, French, Spanish, and Russian in the 19th century. France produced the Grand Opera that would last four to five hours and include ballet dancers. .u56083be5ec29e11d2f57a3afbe4a4d16 , .u56083be5ec29e11d2f57a3afbe4a4d16 .postImageUrl , .u56083be5ec29e11d2f57a3afbe4a4d16 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u56083be5ec29e11d2f57a3afbe4a4d16 , .u56083be5ec29e11d2f57a3afbe4a4d16:hover , .u56083be5ec29e11d2f57a3afbe4a4d16:visited , .u56083be5ec29e11d2f57a3afbe4a4d16:active { border:0!important; } .u56083be5ec29e11d2f57a3afbe4a4d16 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u56083be5ec29e11d2f57a3afbe4a4d16 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u56083be5ec29e11d2f57a3afbe4a4d16:active , .u56083be5ec29e11d2f57a3afbe4a4d16:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u56083be5ec29e11d2f57a3afbe4a4d16 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u56083be5ec29e11d2f57a3afbe4a4d16 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u56083be5ec29e11d2f57a3afbe4a4d16 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u56083be5ec29e11d2f57a3afbe4a4d16 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u56083be5ec29e11d2f57a3afbe4a4d16:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u56083be5ec29e11d2f57a3afbe4a4d16 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u56083be5ec29e11d2f57a3afbe4a4d16 .u56083be5ec29e11d2f57a3afbe4a4d16-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u56083be5ec29e11d2f57a3afbe4a4d16:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Knowledge governance and value innovation in the A EssayWhy or Why not? People usually create or perform in arts because some of us just can not be satisfied with an ordinary life style. We prefer to ask why not, instead of why? We like to experiment, imagine and the set it as a portray, the improbable, the unlikely, and impossible just to make sure that all the things we think are out here and arent any closer than any imaginations. The act of creativity becomes progress to humans, I do it for the feeling of accomplishing something worthwhile (like Rocky said; l could been a contender!! In addition to this it is a gift, Arts in Society The arts play a valued role in creat ing cultures and developing and documenting civilizations, Students of the arts gain powerful tools for: communicating through creative expression; understanding human experiences, past and present; adapting to and respecting the ways others think, work, and express themselves: using artistic modes of problem solving, which, in turn, bring n array of expressive, analytical, and development tools to every human situation; understanding the power of the arts to create and reflect cultures; understanding the impact of design on virtually all we use in daily life; understanding the interdependence of work in the arts and the worlds of ideas and events; making decisions in situations where there are no standard answers; analyzing nonverbal communication and making informed judgments about cultural products and issues; and for communicating thoughts and feelings in a variety of modes, thereby providing a more powerful repertoire of self- expression. Because each arts discipline appeals to different senses and expresses itself through different media, each adds a special richness to the learning environment. Arts education helps students learn to identify, appreciate, and participate in the traditional and non-traditional art forms of their own communities and the communities of others. As students imagine, create, and reflect, they are developing the verbal and non-verbal abilities necessary for life-long learning. The intellectual demands of the arts help students develop problem-solving abilities and such powerful thinking skills as analyzing, synthesizing, and evaluating. Numerous studies point toward a consistent and positive correlation veneer substantive education in the arts and student achievement in other subjects. A comprehensive, well-designed arts education program also engages students in a process that helps them develop the self-esteem, self-discipline, cooperation, and self-motivation necessary for success in life. Most importantly, the arts should be experienced and studied for their own intrinsic value.

The Storm Essay Research Paper Analysis of free essay sample

The Storm Essay, Research Paper Analysis of? The Storm? In McKnight Malmar? s scaring narrative? The Storm? she weaves a violent storm and slaying together to rise the hideous fright that engulfs Janet Willsom. The storm is a combination of female parent nature, Janet? s emotions and her heartbreaking quandary. The narrative begins with Janet Willsom coming home from a holiday seeing her sister who is really ill. She has come back a hebdomad early trusting her hubby, Ben, would be home so she could surprise him but he? s non. There is a really strong storm blossoming outside and Janet gets concerned with Ben? s whereabouts. She wonders if he is still in the metropolis working tardily. There is a missive addressed to Ben on the tabular array but she destroys it because she knows that this missive is likely no different from the others that have been sent to him in the yesteryear. We will write a custom essay sample on The Storm Essay Research Paper Analysis of or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Throughout this cliff-hanging narrative she is lonely in the stray place far off from the busy urban metropolis. As the storm got worse, she started to hear footfalls and she thought she saw a face at the window in the life room. Be this ghostly face in the window her hubby? Recognizing that possibly it was her imaginativeness, she went to the cellar to acquire wood to do a fire. The cellar was moist and dark and there was a iciness in the air because the cellar door was broad unfastened. Janet wondered if the air current was so strong that it blew it unfastened or if there was an interloper. She grabbed the doorhandle and closed it every bit hard as she could because the air current was so strong. The fire wood was in the corner so she walked towards it. All of a sudden she noticed that her old bole was opened merely a cleft, she walked to over to it and threw it unfastened. Liing in there was a organic structure of a adult female in a ruddy frock with a adult male? s diamond ring on her finger. In panic Janet ran up the cellar stepss, locked the door and reinforced it with a heavy wooden chair. Simutainously she heard glass shattering from the basement window and ran into the life room to quiet her frights. Soon after, Janet? s hubby Ben walked in the forepart door soaking moisture, dirty and picket. She started to state her hubby Thursday vitamin E events that had happened that dark. He found it difficult to believe that there was a sneak skulking around outside and that there was a dead organic structure in the bole. Janet took him to the cellar, they looked in the bole but there was nil in it. She wondered if she was seeing things until she saw the same diamond ring on her hubby? s finger that had been on the adult female? s finger. She realizes that her hubby killed the adult female. With all of the fright and strength in her organic structure she runs up the cellar steps, disregarding Ben shouting her name she runs out of the house and neer looks back. The narrative gave me a feeling that I was at that place out of sight from her but watching her every move. It was besides from a really cliff-hanging third-person point of position. Throughout the narrative she thinks about all the good qualities her hubby has and at the same clip is losing him. The letters that are addressed to him says New York City on the envelope ; he is ever angry about those letters but Janet neer sees the contents of those letters. My theory is that these letters are from his kept woman ; she was blackjacking him to go forth his married woman. There was a batch of accent on the storm itself, She starts to go discerning about the storm because of its increasing power? The air current hammered at the door and the Windowss, and the air was full of the sound of H2O, rushing in the troughs, pouring from the leaders, thumping on the roof. ? ( 244 ) I feel that there is a storm outside but there besides a storm traveling on from within Janet because she has uncertainty about her hubby? s fidelity. As for the apparitional face in the window and the dead adult female in the bole ; her hubby killed his kept woman, heard his married woman walking in the front door, put the dead organic structure in the bole and ran out the cellar door to the exterior. He was the face Janet saw in the window. Once she went to the cellar to acquire fire wood and left, he couldn? T open the cellar door, so he broke the window, took the dead organic structure and disposed of it. Janet yearns for her hubby to protect her from the storm and in the terminal she takes comfort from the storm.

Tips For Writing A Good Sample Essay

Tips For Writing A Good Sample EssayThe sample essay that you can use in your college papers can be different in every college, so there is a scope for variety. One common reason for a student to write a sample essay is to build self-confidence. You can become confident with the assurance that you are writing a professional sample essay.When you write an essay for the test, you will have to give your fullest attention to the writing. This is the only chance for you to impress your professor or other students. When you write a sample essay, you get the same amount of attention as compared to a regular essay.Look out for university study guides, which can help you write the sample essay that you need. Study guides are widely available and very affordable. You should buy the book when it comes out from the bookstore. A good study guide provides enough information on how to tackle each and every paragraph.It is always better to write a sample essay to avoid mistakes. This is because in c ase you write a sample essay, your final draft can be edited without the need to rewrite the whole document. However, the chances of using any personal statement or signature is possible only if you are going to write the final draft. If you have to use a personal statement or signature, it should be drafted carefully and correctly.There are certain rules to write a personal statement. The first rule is that you should not use anything that is written by the student or that you have heard about him. The second rule is that the student must be the owner of the words.The third rule is that you should not make use of profanity or any vulgar words. The fourth rule is that you should not use poor grammar. The fifth rule is that you should not usean improper sentence structure. The sixth rule is that you should never deviate from the general pattern of grammar.It is very important to solve a word problem properly, so that it can get credit from the class. While solving a word problem, it is important to have complete confidence about yourself so that you can write a conclusion that is well written.The faculty members and the fellow students are impressed with the academic integrity and the personal statement presented by the student. So, they will definitely appreciate your efforts.

Mass Media and Body Image

Mass Media and Body Image Free Online Research Papers Whoever controls the media the images controls the culture. Allen Ginsberg I have a six-year-old cousin who thinks she’s fat. This whole idea is really disturbing, because I didn’t even realize six year olds were aware of the concept of being overweight. I remember being young and playing make believe with dolls, and not being conscious of the concepts of sexy, or skinny, or hot. Now my cousin and her six-year-old girlfriends play make believe ‘adult’. They dress up not as princesses or pirates, but as adolescent girls, wearing mature dress up clothes and ‘playing make-up’. She is already aware of the media pressure to look a certain way, which subsequently makes her feel fat. She does not come from a family environment where weight is a topic discussed in terms of value or appearance, only of health and nutrition. In fact, the words ‘fat’ and ‘overweight’ aren’t used around her. For a normal six year old girl to start worrying about being skinny makes me wonder how strong these media messages are, and why are they more powerful than the primary messages she receives at home. There was no direct moment when these thoughts became a subject of conscious awareness, rather, after many visits to my Aunt’s home I became hyper vigilant to the different questions my cousin would ask, and the various responses my Aunt gave. When the topic of weight came up, my Aunt immediately censored the conversation to not contain any hot words like ‘fat and skinny’ rather she used words like ‘healthy and unhealthy’. When my cousin would come home from school, excitedly explaining some new piece of clothing all the girls are wearing, my aunt doesn’t discourage her excitement, but challenges her to why she would want to wear a revealing halter-top. Instances like these started to become a subject I would think about quite often on my visits, and I soon felt very overwhelmed with what I perceived as the intense pressure to look a certain way from such a young age. I realize now, that my Aunt is trying to envelop my cousin in an environment where value doesn’t lie in your outward physical appearance, specifically in your weight. Health is what matters, as well as taking into account how you feel about yourself, as opposed to how the media and her media influenced peers judge. My Aunt is trying to challenge the media messages my cousin receives multiple times on a daily basis. This is no easy task, and one that quantitatively she will not succeed in. The mass media has a devastating effect on what women and young girls perceive to be as the attainable ideal body type, which can often have detrimental psychological consequences such as depression, eating disorder symptamology, and distorted self-concept. The mass media generally associates good with beautiful and bad with ugly. Being thin is associated with happiness, success, and youthfulness. Being overweight means laziness, no self-control, and fat. This paper will discuss the mass media and body image in terms of its history, body image and the mass media in present day, research about how the media effects our perception about the ideal body type, effects on pre-adolescents, cultural changes, and the counter-culture that has emerged out of the effects of the media. A quick reference to classical art will tell you that the feminine ideal throughout most of history was much fleshier and round then what is ideal now, great examples being the curvaceous body of Botticelli’s Venus rising from the waves, to the buxom forms painted by 17th century master Peter Paul Rubens. Voluptuousness is still referred to today as ‘Rubenesque’. In the past the most sought after female body types were represented by a curvy figure with a great deal of plumpness by today’s standards, which equated to a well-fed and healthy woman during what could be difficult times. No women during the plagues could probably be found obsessing over their weight, unless it was in terms to wanting more food, and wanting to be fatter. It’s important to note, that while there was not a preoccupation with the excessively thin ideal we see today, the pursuit of an ideal feminine figure has been recorded throughout history. Dr. Norman Bridge wrote a paper o n the psychology of the corset and found that: The desire of womankind to shape the female figure according to standards of beauty must have begun almost with the savage. In the ruins of Palenque, in Mexico (of which there is not a scrap of written history), was found in stone a bas-relief of a woman with bandaged waist. Circular and transverse folds and loops- strips of cloth used to compress the form- are clearly shown in the sculpture. In the 19th century, Victorian women were laced and pulled into restrictive corsets to achieve their present ideal form: the hourglass figure. The gradual tightening of a corset would eventually take a 27 inch waist (which in perspective is already relatively small) down to a waist that measured a hand span. Cracked ribs were not uncommon and fainting resulted because of the lack of oxygen to the lungs (Prasch192-202). This shift from the 17th century to the 19th century is something that should be seen as dramatic, even though people have always been concerned with outward physical appearance, it wasn’t until the Victorian era that it was documented enough to invade popular society either through advertisements for corsets, or various creams and tonics to help achieve this unnaturally hourglass idea (192-202) Although not entirely analogous, the extent to which women suffered with the restraining corset can now be seen today in women with eating disorders. The things women will suffer to be considered beautiful have changed over time, but there is a constant theme that for a woman to achieve the popularized ideal figure, she must endure some sort of physical anguish. The message continues to be that women are not okay and beautiful naturally, and that something must be done to remedy this. During the 20th century, the most dramatic shifts occurred in what is considered the ideal feminine form. Women were slowly making a mark on society by demanding equal rights, and as women’s activities increased, so did the ideal body type. Women fighting for the right to vote took them to a public arena, where their ideas as well as their bodies were on display. Coming from an age where women barley had a right to speak in public, this newfound public display also started sexualizing women. The slim, sexy, Gibson Girl of the turn of the century, what Catherine Warren refers to as â€Å"the first mass-media stereotype†, reflected women’s new interest in athleticism. This occurred at a time when science and medicine were starting to focus on body weight and the concept of calories (219-223). The most dramatic look and body type of the 20th century was that of a flapper girl. She had short hair, and more importantly, a boyish, athletic figure. This was a sharp contrast to the tight-laced figures of the Victorian era. By this time, women were slowly starting to work, which gave them personal economic power for the first time. This new found responsibility and liberation reflected in how women looked and dressed. The first breast-reduction procedures occurred during this time to allow women to achieve the much sought after flat chest of the boyish, athletic figure and breast binding was certainly not uncommon. The flapper girl was the beginning of an era in regards to the ideal feminine figure, with every following decade in some way embracing skinny women with only a short shift of attention to the curvier figures in the 50’s (Warren 219-223). During the 30’s and 40’s, the Great Depression and WWII stunted any real shift that could have been made and women remained athletic looking and slim. Women did however gain some important ground in their shift out of the home, as women started working more and more in factories. It wasn’t until the 50’s that the next shift took place, with post-war abundance bringing back female curves as the new ideal figure. The perfect personification of this would be Marilyn Monroe, a size 14. This look carried into the next decade, as more women went to work in the 60’s and were liberated even further, with the first birth control pill going on sale in 1961 (Newman ,226). A waif-like, underweight, and lanky ideal took stage during this time with the likes of Jean Shrimpton and Twiggy. From then on, slim was definitely in. The 70’s saw women burning their bras and obtaining even more liberation from their role in the home. The correlation between fitnes s and health was increasingly becoming more apparent and was reflected in the changing shape. By the 80’s, diet and health influenced every aspect of the beauty industry, and subsequently the media. Into the 90’s, little had changed. Ironically, a super-sized, processed diet and increasingly sedentary lifestyle means there are more overweight people than ever, but a weight-obsessed media has ensured that the thin ideal remains. Throughout the recounted history of the ideal feminine body type, socio-economic factors influenced what was considered ideal, and not until recently has the mass media had such an impact on what is considered beautiful. Often misunderstood, the actual ranges of body types from the past are no different than what is around today. There have been no genetic changes that have allowed for a more slim body type to emerge. What has changed however is what the ideal is. In the Barnard/Columbia Women’s Handbook, a study shows that 25 years ago the average American model weighed 8% less than the average American woman. Today’s models weigh 23% below the national average (Banard/Columbia Women’s Handbook). The fact that the models that represent the ideal are 23% more underweight than the general population isolates women and denies the natural range of body types and appearances especially from culture to culture. Instead of recognizing and celebrating the diversity of one another, person-to-person, culture-to-culture, we compare ourselves with these models, thus objectifying our own and other women’s bodies. This social idea that we have all powerful control in achieving this ideal weight and figure is presumptuous on the fact that we can completely control our body size but â€Å"in fact, the size and shape of our bodies are as genetically determined as skin and eye color.â € . (Douglas pg. 30-42) People are predisposed to a certain body type, and the amount of fat a person stores in their bodies has a lot to do with family history. Yet, the media continues to push a message that through diet-pills and the right exercise any woman can look like the models and actresses that we idolize on magazine covers and in film. When many women learn that despite their most consistent efforts they are still not thin enough, their feelings of body dissatisfaction can have detrimental psychological results. Twenty-five percent of fashion models today meet the American Psychiatric Association’s guidelines for anorexia nervosa (Hesse-Biber, pg.3). There is something almost intrinsic about our society in promoting this unhealthy ideal. One aspect of this may be that mental illness is still stigmatized to such a degree that people with eating disorders are looked at as if their problems aren’t real, and since â€Å"limits on desirable thinness have not been set, the popular notion is that, as long as a woman isn’t â€Å"badly† anorexic, being thin is not hazardous† (Feminism and Women’s Studies). Nowhere in intelligent societies is it looked upon admirably to be a little cancerous, but somehow the media and its effects on society have made it acceptable to starve oneself and sacrifice one’s own health to just be thin. The resulting physical and psychological effects of an eating disorder are widespread. It’s a disease that the media is marketing as a good thing. This is not to say that every woman who experiences some sort of body dissatisfaction will develop an eating disorder. There is no direct correlation of cause and effect that can state that mass media portrayal of underweight women leads women to have eating disorders. However, the portrayal of these underweight women does send out the message that thin, often underweight women are the ideal, and when women try to obtain that ideal and fail, their feelings of self-worth and self-esteem suffer. In a study preformed by Lucas and his colleagues entitled â€Å"50-year Trends in the Incidence of Anorexia Nervosa† it was found that the â€Å"incidents of anorexia nervosa during a 50-year period and the incidence of anorexia nervosa among 10-19 year-old girls paralleled the change of fashion and its idealized body image. The thin ideal preceded the times when the rates of anorexia nervosa were highest.† Content Analysis (where the frequency of portrayal of particular images is recorded) has shown that women are portrayed as abnormally thin in the media whereas men tend to be portrayed as a normal weight. For example, Silverstein et al. (1986) â€Å"found that, in thirty-three television shows, 69 percent of female characters were coded as ‘thin’, compared to only 18 percent of male characters. Only 5 percent of female characters were rates as ‘heavy’, compared to 26 percent of males.† Silverstein also found that models in high fashion magazines such as Vogue had become increasingly and radically thinner since the 1930’s, stating that: â€Å"†¦present day women who look at the major mass media are exposed to a standard of bodily attractiveness that is slimmer than that presented for men and that is less curvaceous than that presented for women since the 1930’s.† (Silverstein et al., 1986: 531) Marjorie Ferguson (1985) studies women’s magazines from a sociological perspective and argues, â€Å" †¦that women’s magazines contribute to the wider cultural processes which help to shape a women’s view of herself, and society’s view of her. Women’s magazines are read by a large proportion of women with each copy seen by many women (on average, each copy of Vogue is read by sixteen women)†¦Ã¢â‚¬  Since so many women read these magazines, they are inherently exposed to the standard of being slim that Silverstein analyzed. From a young age, girls are constantly taught that their self worth is wholly dependent on how they look. Case and point: the fact that women earn more money than men in only two jobs- those being modeling and prostitution (Wolf, 1992). More alarmingly, children are being exposed to the effects of mass media at a much earlier age at present, and therefore pre-adolescent girls are now becoming the target cohort for body dissatisfaction. In earlier years, adolescent girls were primarily the targets of body image research, but now girls as young as six are being documented with the desire to be thinner according to Dohnt and Tiggemann (2006). In fact, in their study, â€Å"40 percent of 6 year old girls reported wishing that they were thinner.† Historically a response to body dissatisfaction with one’s body type has led older women and female adolescents to diet, and now in the same way, pre-adolescents girls are reporting attempts to diet, or they are in the very least aware of the concept of dieting. The effects of the media now have a more powerful link to children than the children’s primary sources of their parents, friends, and community. Disney movies including the ever-popular Beauty and the Beast (the title says a lot), Snow White, and Sleeping Beauty, seemingly innocent, depict almost every female lead as skinny and beautiful, with the bad guys often being overweight and ugly, an example being Ariel from the Little Mermaid and her nemesis Ursula. This is a huge obstacle because, according to the American Academy of Pediatrics, â€Å"in an year, the average child spends 900 hours in school and nearly 1,023 hours in front of a TV.† It’s of course, unrealistic to try and restrict this magnitude of exposure to the media, especially since most children not only get exposure from the TV, but within their peer-groups at school, the topics seen on TVs are discussed that reinforce this exposure (kidshealth.org). Children’s toys are also made and marketed in such a way that we quickly become desensitized to what it real and normal. Barbie, for instance, is a staple in most girls lives from a very young age, and even those parents who restrict these types of toys can’t possibly confiscate them from schools, daycares, and friends houses. It is probably near impossible to prevent exposure to Barbie for most young girls. Barbie is a cultural icon in America, and what’s so disturbing about this fact is that she is a most dramatically disturbing ideal. G.G Fein discusses Barbie in the article â€Å"Toys and stories† and describes her as: Not only would she be 7 feet 2 inches tall, but she’d also boast an impressive 40† bust line, a tiny 22† waist, and 36† hips. In addition to these absurd, and physiologically impossible statistics, her neck would be twice the length of a normal human being. On top of that, Barbie would not have enough room in her tiny waistline to have full sized organs, nor would she be able to menstruate. Due to her proportions, she would have to walk on all fours because her body would not be able to adequately support her. (153) Barbie’s body is literally completely out of range from what all girls and women can attain. When Mattel did try to change Barbie’s body type and market a more life like doll, it did horrible in today’s marketplace and the demand for this Barbie was significantly lower than that of the unrealistic body type Barbie (Fein, 1995). It can be speculated that society rejected the realistically proportioned Barbie because we are already conditioned to respond and strive for a thin ideal whether in ourselves or in our toys. In our society, we can become desensitized to all the information the mass-media puts out about weight and image, but the fact that girls as young as six are aware of this social pressure is quite disconcerting. Most research shows that girls at 4 and 5 show little signs of this sort of body awareness, but attitudes toward weight and being thin shift when a girl enters kindergarten. This suggests that it’s not only the media alone bringing out these attitudes about weight and image in young girls, but also the discussions and relationships these girls have with their peers. In earlier years there was a correlation being that the younger a girl was with body image discrepancies, the more likely she was to be Caucasian. But even this gap is now closing according to Clay, Vignoles, and Dittmar, with girls that are of a minority matching the rates of girls who are white in their views of body dissatisfaction or lack there of. Hispanic girls in fact, are now being reported at a higher rate with complaints of body dissatisfaction than any other group. It can be hypothesized that this is greatly a consequence of the trends in Hollywood to be skinny, which has caused Latina role models like Jennifer Lopez and Penelope Cruz to become more ‘Americanized’ ( Clay, Vignoles, and Dittmar, 2005). Waif-like fashion models and movie actresses are hard to avoid in glossy magazines and even the regular evening news (read: Paris Hilton) and these images are obviously detrimental to girls still forming their identity and self-concept. This perfect, thin, and sickly ideal is something that is a cultural construct, being that not only do women not really look like this as proven by the statistic of underweight models, but those who try, usually can’t achieve this ideal, meaning that â€Å"merely being a women in society mean feeling too fat† (Rodin, Silberstein, and Striegelmoore., 1996). We can now understand that the media has detrimental effects on what women perceive as an ideal body type, but we are still largely in the dark as to why the media popularizes this body type and why women strive to attain it. Many theories and counter-cultures have emerged through this speculation, and one of the more prominent ones being that of the Fat Feminists. Our society has drawn a line between fat people and thin people, similar to (but not exactly like) the lines it has drawn based on gender, skin color, sexual orientation and class. (Lehman, pg. 13) The Fat Feminists basically materialized out of the Feminist Movement, because they felt that they were isolated and marginalized for their weight even amongst their peers who fought for equal treatment and rights across gender. They are a sub-culture amongst today’s women and Susie Orbach a founding activist of the movement and author of â€Å"Fat is a Feminist Issue† states that Fat Feminists, â€Å"believe that one’s size has nothing to do with one’s value as a human being† (Lehman, pg.13). This culture of women, make up the size-acceptance movement sometimes referred to as the fat liberations movement. It really started as a grassroots effort by people who identified as Fat Feminists and wanted to change societal and media views of fat people. Different groups and organizations such as The National Association for the Advancement of Fat Acceptance (NAAFA), and the International Size Acceptance Association (ISAA) formed throughout the diet-crazed years in the 1980’s and 90’s and advocated a â€Å"health at any size† approach to the medical treatment of obese people. These groups also point out the discrimination that fat people endure, such as the fact that employers still tend to react negatively to large job applicants. The Body Positive organization, which was founded to, â€Å"to create a cultural shift in people’s attitudes about weight, health, movement and beauty† conducted a recent study, which found, â€Å"that among their business school graduates, fatter or shorter executives earn less than their thinner and taller counterparts†. The authors of this study noted that they could not draw any significant conclusions about large women, because there weren’t enough large female business school graduates. In present, we now are living in a society where the ideal body type is literally unattainable to most women. The media isolates millions of these women from feeling normal and beautiful by perpetuating this ideal thin body type. The effects from the media have intensely damaging psychological and physical effects and this has prompted a new counter-culture to emerge and fight for the acceptance of fat people. Berel, Susan, and Lori M. Irving. Media and Disturbed Eating: An Analysis of Media Influence and Implications for Prevention. The Journal of Primary Prevention 18.4 (1998): 415-30. PsycINFO. Virginia Commonwealth University, 23 June 2007. Bridge, Norman M.D. â€Å"The Psychology of the Corset.† The Rewards of Taste and other Essays. 25 June 2007. Calogero, Rachel M., William N. Davis, and J. Kevin Thompson. The Role of Self- Objectification in The Experience of Women With Eating Disorders. Sex Roles: A Journal of Research. 52.1-2 (Jan 2005): 43. InfoTrac. Virginia Commonwealth University. 14 June 2007 . Clay, Daniel, Vivian L. Vignoles, and Helga Dittmar. â€Å"Body Image and Self-Esteem Among Adolescent Girls: Testing the Influence of Sociocultural Factors† Journal of Research on Adolescence.15.4 (2005): 451–477. PsycINFO. Virginia Commonwealth University, 23 June 2007. Dohnt, Hayley K., and Marika Tiggemann. Body image concerns in young girls: the role of peers and media prior to adolescence. Journal of Youth and Adolescence. 35.2 (April 2006): 141. InfoTrac OneFile. Virginia Commonwealth University. 14 June 2007 Douglas, Susan. Where the Girls Are: Growing up Female with the Mass Media. New York: Three Rivers Press, 1995. Dowshen, Steve. â€Å"How TV Affects Your Child.† Kids Health. February 2005. 19 June 2007. Feminism and Women’s Studies: Body Image and â€Å"Eating Disorders† Columbia University. 20 June 2007. Ferguson, Marjorie. Forever Feminine: Women’s Magazines and the Cult of Femininity. Chicago: Aldershot, 1983. Lehman JoAnne. â€Å"The Web of Size Acceptance: Internet Resources for Exploring a Feminist Issue.† Feminist Collections, 24.3 (2003):13. GenderWatch. Virginia Commonwealth University. 19 June 2007. Lucas, A. R., Beard, C. M., O_Fallon, W. M., Kurland, L. T. â€Å"50-year trends in the incidence of anorexia nervosa in Rochester, Minn.: A population-based study.† American Journal of Psychiatry. 148.7 (1991). PsycINFO. Virginia Commonwealth University, 23 June 2007. www.apa.ord/psycinfo Newman, Caryn E. â€Å" A History of Contraception and Abortion in the West.† Journal of Women’s History. 9.4 (1998): 226. GenderWatch. Virginia Commonwealth University. 19 June 2007. Park, Sung-Yeon. â€Å"The Influence of Presumed Media Influence on Women’s Desire to be Thin.† Communication Research. 32.5 (2005): 594-614. GenderWatch. Virginia Commonwealth University. 21 June 2007. Prasch, Thomas. â€Å"Victorian Women and The Gendering of Culture.† Journal of Womens History. 9.1 (1997): 192-202. GenderWatch. Virginia Commonwealth University, 19 June 2007. Rodin, J., Silberstein, L., Striegel-Moore, R. Women and Weight: A Normative Discontent. Psychology and Gender. (1983): 267-307. Nebraska Symposium on Motivation, Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press. Silverstein, B., Peterson, B. and Purdue, L. â€Å"Some Correlates of the Thin Standard of Physical Attractiveness of Women.† International Journal of Eating Disorders. 5: 898-905. PsycINFO. Virginia Commonwealth University, 23 June 2007. The Body Positive. 02 July 2007 Warren Catherine A. â€Å"The Girl on the Magazine Cover: The Origins of Visual Stereotypes in American Mass.† NWSA Journal. 15.3 (2003): 219-223. GenderWatch. Virginia Commonwealth University. 19 June 2007. 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