The Storm Essay Research Paper Analysis of free essay sample

The Storm Essay, Research Paper Analysis of? The Storm? In McKnight Malmar? s scaring narrative? The Storm? she weaves a violent storm and slaying together to rise the hideous fright that engulfs Janet Willsom. The storm is a combination of female parent nature, Janet? s emotions and her heartbreaking quandary. The narrative begins with Janet Willsom coming home from a holiday seeing her sister who is really ill. She has come back a hebdomad early trusting her hubby, Ben, would be home so she could surprise him but he? s non. There is a really strong storm blossoming outside and Janet gets concerned with Ben? s whereabouts. She wonders if he is still in the metropolis working tardily. There is a missive addressed to Ben on the tabular array but she destroys it because she knows that this missive is likely no different from the others that have been sent to him in the yesteryear. We will write a custom essay sample on The Storm Essay Research Paper Analysis of or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Throughout this cliff-hanging narrative she is lonely in the stray place far off from the busy urban metropolis. As the storm got worse, she started to hear footfalls and she thought she saw a face at the window in the life room. Be this ghostly face in the window her hubby? Recognizing that possibly it was her imaginativeness, she went to the cellar to acquire wood to do a fire. The cellar was moist and dark and there was a iciness in the air because the cellar door was broad unfastened. Janet wondered if the air current was so strong that it blew it unfastened or if there was an interloper. She grabbed the doorhandle and closed it every bit hard as she could because the air current was so strong. The fire wood was in the corner so she walked towards it. All of a sudden she noticed that her old bole was opened merely a cleft, she walked to over to it and threw it unfastened. Liing in there was a organic structure of a adult female in a ruddy frock with a adult male? s diamond ring on her finger. In panic Janet ran up the cellar stepss, locked the door and reinforced it with a heavy wooden chair. Simutainously she heard glass shattering from the basement window and ran into the life room to quiet her frights. Soon after, Janet? s hubby Ben walked in the forepart door soaking moisture, dirty and picket. She started to state her hubby Thursday vitamin E events that had happened that dark. He found it difficult to believe that there was a sneak skulking around outside and that there was a dead organic structure in the bole. Janet took him to the cellar, they looked in the bole but there was nil in it. She wondered if she was seeing things until she saw the same diamond ring on her hubby? s finger that had been on the adult female? s finger. She realizes that her hubby killed the adult female. With all of the fright and strength in her organic structure she runs up the cellar steps, disregarding Ben shouting her name she runs out of the house and neer looks back. The narrative gave me a feeling that I was at that place out of sight from her but watching her every move. It was besides from a really cliff-hanging third-person point of position. Throughout the narrative she thinks about all the good qualities her hubby has and at the same clip is losing him. The letters that are addressed to him says New York City on the envelope ; he is ever angry about those letters but Janet neer sees the contents of those letters. My theory is that these letters are from his kept woman ; she was blackjacking him to go forth his married woman. There was a batch of accent on the storm itself, She starts to go discerning about the storm because of its increasing power? The air current hammered at the door and the Windowss, and the air was full of the sound of H2O, rushing in the troughs, pouring from the leaders, thumping on the roof. ? ( 244 ) I feel that there is a storm outside but there besides a storm traveling on from within Janet because she has uncertainty about her hubby? s fidelity. As for the apparitional face in the window and the dead adult female in the bole ; her hubby killed his kept woman, heard his married woman walking in the front door, put the dead organic structure in the bole and ran out the cellar door to the exterior. He was the face Janet saw in the window. Once she went to the cellar to acquire fire wood and left, he couldn? T open the cellar door, so he broke the window, took the dead organic structure and disposed of it. Janet yearns for her hubby to protect her from the storm and in the terminal she takes comfort from the storm.

Tips For Writing A Good Sample Essay

Tips For Writing A Good Sample EssayThe sample essay that you can use in your college papers can be different in every college, so there is a scope for variety. One common reason for a student to write a sample essay is to build self-confidence. You can become confident with the assurance that you are writing a professional sample essay.When you write an essay for the test, you will have to give your fullest attention to the writing. This is the only chance for you to impress your professor or other students. When you write a sample essay, you get the same amount of attention as compared to a regular essay.Look out for university study guides, which can help you write the sample essay that you need. Study guides are widely available and very affordable. You should buy the book when it comes out from the bookstore. A good study guide provides enough information on how to tackle each and every paragraph.It is always better to write a sample essay to avoid mistakes. This is because in c ase you write a sample essay, your final draft can be edited without the need to rewrite the whole document. However, the chances of using any personal statement or signature is possible only if you are going to write the final draft. If you have to use a personal statement or signature, it should be drafted carefully and correctly.There are certain rules to write a personal statement. The first rule is that you should not use anything that is written by the student or that you have heard about him. The second rule is that the student must be the owner of the words.The third rule is that you should not make use of profanity or any vulgar words. The fourth rule is that you should not use poor grammar. The fifth rule is that you should not usean improper sentence structure. The sixth rule is that you should never deviate from the general pattern of grammar.It is very important to solve a word problem properly, so that it can get credit from the class. While solving a word problem, it is important to have complete confidence about yourself so that you can write a conclusion that is well written.The faculty members and the fellow students are impressed with the academic integrity and the personal statement presented by the student. So, they will definitely appreciate your efforts.

Mass Media and Body Image

Mass Media and Body Image Free Online Research Papers Whoever controls the media the images controls the culture. Allen Ginsberg I have a six-year-old cousin who thinks she’s fat. This whole idea is really disturbing, because I didn’t even realize six year olds were aware of the concept of being overweight. I remember being young and playing make believe with dolls, and not being conscious of the concepts of sexy, or skinny, or hot. Now my cousin and her six-year-old girlfriends play make believe ‘adult’. They dress up not as princesses or pirates, but as adolescent girls, wearing mature dress up clothes and ‘playing make-up’. She is already aware of the media pressure to look a certain way, which subsequently makes her feel fat. She does not come from a family environment where weight is a topic discussed in terms of value or appearance, only of health and nutrition. In fact, the words ‘fat’ and ‘overweight’ aren’t used around her. For a normal six year old girl to start worrying about being skinny makes me wonder how strong these media messages are, and why are they more powerful than the primary messages she receives at home. There was no direct moment when these thoughts became a subject of conscious awareness, rather, after many visits to my Aunt’s home I became hyper vigilant to the different questions my cousin would ask, and the various responses my Aunt gave. When the topic of weight came up, my Aunt immediately censored the conversation to not contain any hot words like ‘fat and skinny’ rather she used words like ‘healthy and unhealthy’. When my cousin would come home from school, excitedly explaining some new piece of clothing all the girls are wearing, my aunt doesn’t discourage her excitement, but challenges her to why she would want to wear a revealing halter-top. Instances like these started to become a subject I would think about quite often on my visits, and I soon felt very overwhelmed with what I perceived as the intense pressure to look a certain way from such a young age. I realize now, that my Aunt is trying to envelop my cousin in an environment where value doesn’t lie in your outward physical appearance, specifically in your weight. Health is what matters, as well as taking into account how you feel about yourself, as opposed to how the media and her media influenced peers judge. My Aunt is trying to challenge the media messages my cousin receives multiple times on a daily basis. This is no easy task, and one that quantitatively she will not succeed in. The mass media has a devastating effect on what women and young girls perceive to be as the attainable ideal body type, which can often have detrimental psychological consequences such as depression, eating disorder symptamology, and distorted self-concept. The mass media generally associates good with beautiful and bad with ugly. Being thin is associated with happiness, success, and youthfulness. Being overweight means laziness, no self-control, and fat. This paper will discuss the mass media and body image in terms of its history, body image and the mass media in present day, research about how the media effects our perception about the ideal body type, effects on pre-adolescents, cultural changes, and the counter-culture that has emerged out of the effects of the media. A quick reference to classical art will tell you that the feminine ideal throughout most of history was much fleshier and round then what is ideal now, great examples being the curvaceous body of Botticelli’s Venus rising from the waves, to the buxom forms painted by 17th century master Peter Paul Rubens. Voluptuousness is still referred to today as ‘Rubenesque’. In the past the most sought after female body types were represented by a curvy figure with a great deal of plumpness by today’s standards, which equated to a well-fed and healthy woman during what could be difficult times. No women during the plagues could probably be found obsessing over their weight, unless it was in terms to wanting more food, and wanting to be fatter. It’s important to note, that while there was not a preoccupation with the excessively thin ideal we see today, the pursuit of an ideal feminine figure has been recorded throughout history. Dr. Norman Bridge wrote a paper o n the psychology of the corset and found that: The desire of womankind to shape the female figure according to standards of beauty must have begun almost with the savage. In the ruins of Palenque, in Mexico (of which there is not a scrap of written history), was found in stone a bas-relief of a woman with bandaged waist. Circular and transverse folds and loops- strips of cloth used to compress the form- are clearly shown in the sculpture. In the 19th century, Victorian women were laced and pulled into restrictive corsets to achieve their present ideal form: the hourglass figure. The gradual tightening of a corset would eventually take a 27 inch waist (which in perspective is already relatively small) down to a waist that measured a hand span. Cracked ribs were not uncommon and fainting resulted because of the lack of oxygen to the lungs (Prasch192-202). This shift from the 17th century to the 19th century is something that should be seen as dramatic, even though people have always been concerned with outward physical appearance, it wasn’t until the Victorian era that it was documented enough to invade popular society either through advertisements for corsets, or various creams and tonics to help achieve this unnaturally hourglass idea (192-202) Although not entirely analogous, the extent to which women suffered with the restraining corset can now be seen today in women with eating disorders. The things women will suffer to be considered beautiful have changed over time, but there is a constant theme that for a woman to achieve the popularized ideal figure, she must endure some sort of physical anguish. The message continues to be that women are not okay and beautiful naturally, and that something must be done to remedy this. During the 20th century, the most dramatic shifts occurred in what is considered the ideal feminine form. Women were slowly making a mark on society by demanding equal rights, and as women’s activities increased, so did the ideal body type. Women fighting for the right to vote took them to a public arena, where their ideas as well as their bodies were on display. Coming from an age where women barley had a right to speak in public, this newfound public display also started sexualizing women. The slim, sexy, Gibson Girl of the turn of the century, what Catherine Warren refers to as â€Å"the first mass-media stereotype†, reflected women’s new interest in athleticism. This occurred at a time when science and medicine were starting to focus on body weight and the concept of calories (219-223). The most dramatic look and body type of the 20th century was that of a flapper girl. She had short hair, and more importantly, a boyish, athletic figure. This was a sharp contrast to the tight-laced figures of the Victorian era. By this time, women were slowly starting to work, which gave them personal economic power for the first time. This new found responsibility and liberation reflected in how women looked and dressed. The first breast-reduction procedures occurred during this time to allow women to achieve the much sought after flat chest of the boyish, athletic figure and breast binding was certainly not uncommon. The flapper girl was the beginning of an era in regards to the ideal feminine figure, with every following decade in some way embracing skinny women with only a short shift of attention to the curvier figures in the 50’s (Warren 219-223). During the 30’s and 40’s, the Great Depression and WWII stunted any real shift that could have been made and women remained athletic looking and slim. Women did however gain some important ground in their shift out of the home, as women started working more and more in factories. It wasn’t until the 50’s that the next shift took place, with post-war abundance bringing back female curves as the new ideal figure. The perfect personification of this would be Marilyn Monroe, a size 14. This look carried into the next decade, as more women went to work in the 60’s and were liberated even further, with the first birth control pill going on sale in 1961 (Newman ,226). A waif-like, underweight, and lanky ideal took stage during this time with the likes of Jean Shrimpton and Twiggy. From then on, slim was definitely in. The 70’s saw women burning their bras and obtaining even more liberation from their role in the home. The correlation between fitnes s and health was increasingly becoming more apparent and was reflected in the changing shape. By the 80’s, diet and health influenced every aspect of the beauty industry, and subsequently the media. Into the 90’s, little had changed. Ironically, a super-sized, processed diet and increasingly sedentary lifestyle means there are more overweight people than ever, but a weight-obsessed media has ensured that the thin ideal remains. Throughout the recounted history of the ideal feminine body type, socio-economic factors influenced what was considered ideal, and not until recently has the mass media had such an impact on what is considered beautiful. Often misunderstood, the actual ranges of body types from the past are no different than what is around today. There have been no genetic changes that have allowed for a more slim body type to emerge. What has changed however is what the ideal is. In the Barnard/Columbia Women’s Handbook, a study shows that 25 years ago the average American model weighed 8% less than the average American woman. Today’s models weigh 23% below the national average (Banard/Columbia Women’s Handbook). The fact that the models that represent the ideal are 23% more underweight than the general population isolates women and denies the natural range of body types and appearances especially from culture to culture. Instead of recognizing and celebrating the diversity of one another, person-to-person, culture-to-culture, we compare ourselves with these models, thus objectifying our own and other women’s bodies. This social idea that we have all powerful control in achieving this ideal weight and figure is presumptuous on the fact that we can completely control our body size but â€Å"in fact, the size and shape of our bodies are as genetically determined as skin and eye color.â € . (Douglas pg. 30-42) People are predisposed to a certain body type, and the amount of fat a person stores in their bodies has a lot to do with family history. Yet, the media continues to push a message that through diet-pills and the right exercise any woman can look like the models and actresses that we idolize on magazine covers and in film. When many women learn that despite their most consistent efforts they are still not thin enough, their feelings of body dissatisfaction can have detrimental psychological results. Twenty-five percent of fashion models today meet the American Psychiatric Association’s guidelines for anorexia nervosa (Hesse-Biber, pg.3). There is something almost intrinsic about our society in promoting this unhealthy ideal. One aspect of this may be that mental illness is still stigmatized to such a degree that people with eating disorders are looked at as if their problems aren’t real, and since â€Å"limits on desirable thinness have not been set, the popular notion is that, as long as a woman isn’t â€Å"badly† anorexic, being thin is not hazardous† (Feminism and Women’s Studies). Nowhere in intelligent societies is it looked upon admirably to be a little cancerous, but somehow the media and its effects on society have made it acceptable to starve oneself and sacrifice one’s own health to just be thin. The resulting physical and psychological effects of an eating disorder are widespread. It’s a disease that the media is marketing as a good thing. This is not to say that every woman who experiences some sort of body dissatisfaction will develop an eating disorder. There is no direct correlation of cause and effect that can state that mass media portrayal of underweight women leads women to have eating disorders. However, the portrayal of these underweight women does send out the message that thin, often underweight women are the ideal, and when women try to obtain that ideal and fail, their feelings of self-worth and self-esteem suffer. In a study preformed by Lucas and his colleagues entitled â€Å"50-year Trends in the Incidence of Anorexia Nervosa† it was found that the â€Å"incidents of anorexia nervosa during a 50-year period and the incidence of anorexia nervosa among 10-19 year-old girls paralleled the change of fashion and its idealized body image. The thin ideal preceded the times when the rates of anorexia nervosa were highest.† Content Analysis (where the frequency of portrayal of particular images is recorded) has shown that women are portrayed as abnormally thin in the media whereas men tend to be portrayed as a normal weight. For example, Silverstein et al. (1986) â€Å"found that, in thirty-three television shows, 69 percent of female characters were coded as ‘thin’, compared to only 18 percent of male characters. Only 5 percent of female characters were rates as ‘heavy’, compared to 26 percent of males.† Silverstein also found that models in high fashion magazines such as Vogue had become increasingly and radically thinner since the 1930’s, stating that: â€Å"†¦present day women who look at the major mass media are exposed to a standard of bodily attractiveness that is slimmer than that presented for men and that is less curvaceous than that presented for women since the 1930’s.† (Silverstein et al., 1986: 531) Marjorie Ferguson (1985) studies women’s magazines from a sociological perspective and argues, â€Å" †¦that women’s magazines contribute to the wider cultural processes which help to shape a women’s view of herself, and society’s view of her. Women’s magazines are read by a large proportion of women with each copy seen by many women (on average, each copy of Vogue is read by sixteen women)†¦Ã¢â‚¬  Since so many women read these magazines, they are inherently exposed to the standard of being slim that Silverstein analyzed. From a young age, girls are constantly taught that their self worth is wholly dependent on how they look. Case and point: the fact that women earn more money than men in only two jobs- those being modeling and prostitution (Wolf, 1992). More alarmingly, children are being exposed to the effects of mass media at a much earlier age at present, and therefore pre-adolescent girls are now becoming the target cohort for body dissatisfaction. In earlier years, adolescent girls were primarily the targets of body image research, but now girls as young as six are being documented with the desire to be thinner according to Dohnt and Tiggemann (2006). In fact, in their study, â€Å"40 percent of 6 year old girls reported wishing that they were thinner.† Historically a response to body dissatisfaction with one’s body type has led older women and female adolescents to diet, and now in the same way, pre-adolescents girls are reporting attempts to diet, or they are in the very least aware of the concept of dieting. The effects of the media now have a more powerful link to children than the children’s primary sources of their parents, friends, and community. Disney movies including the ever-popular Beauty and the Beast (the title says a lot), Snow White, and Sleeping Beauty, seemingly innocent, depict almost every female lead as skinny and beautiful, with the bad guys often being overweight and ugly, an example being Ariel from the Little Mermaid and her nemesis Ursula. This is a huge obstacle because, according to the American Academy of Pediatrics, â€Å"in an year, the average child spends 900 hours in school and nearly 1,023 hours in front of a TV.† It’s of course, unrealistic to try and restrict this magnitude of exposure to the media, especially since most children not only get exposure from the TV, but within their peer-groups at school, the topics seen on TVs are discussed that reinforce this exposure (kidshealth.org). Children’s toys are also made and marketed in such a way that we quickly become desensitized to what it real and normal. Barbie, for instance, is a staple in most girls lives from a very young age, and even those parents who restrict these types of toys can’t possibly confiscate them from schools, daycares, and friends houses. It is probably near impossible to prevent exposure to Barbie for most young girls. Barbie is a cultural icon in America, and what’s so disturbing about this fact is that she is a most dramatically disturbing ideal. G.G Fein discusses Barbie in the article â€Å"Toys and stories† and describes her as: Not only would she be 7 feet 2 inches tall, but she’d also boast an impressive 40† bust line, a tiny 22† waist, and 36† hips. In addition to these absurd, and physiologically impossible statistics, her neck would be twice the length of a normal human being. On top of that, Barbie would not have enough room in her tiny waistline to have full sized organs, nor would she be able to menstruate. Due to her proportions, she would have to walk on all fours because her body would not be able to adequately support her. (153) Barbie’s body is literally completely out of range from what all girls and women can attain. When Mattel did try to change Barbie’s body type and market a more life like doll, it did horrible in today’s marketplace and the demand for this Barbie was significantly lower than that of the unrealistic body type Barbie (Fein, 1995). It can be speculated that society rejected the realistically proportioned Barbie because we are already conditioned to respond and strive for a thin ideal whether in ourselves or in our toys. In our society, we can become desensitized to all the information the mass-media puts out about weight and image, but the fact that girls as young as six are aware of this social pressure is quite disconcerting. Most research shows that girls at 4 and 5 show little signs of this sort of body awareness, but attitudes toward weight and being thin shift when a girl enters kindergarten. This suggests that it’s not only the media alone bringing out these attitudes about weight and image in young girls, but also the discussions and relationships these girls have with their peers. In earlier years there was a correlation being that the younger a girl was with body image discrepancies, the more likely she was to be Caucasian. But even this gap is now closing according to Clay, Vignoles, and Dittmar, with girls that are of a minority matching the rates of girls who are white in their views of body dissatisfaction or lack there of. Hispanic girls in fact, are now being reported at a higher rate with complaints of body dissatisfaction than any other group. It can be hypothesized that this is greatly a consequence of the trends in Hollywood to be skinny, which has caused Latina role models like Jennifer Lopez and Penelope Cruz to become more ‘Americanized’ ( Clay, Vignoles, and Dittmar, 2005). Waif-like fashion models and movie actresses are hard to avoid in glossy magazines and even the regular evening news (read: Paris Hilton) and these images are obviously detrimental to girls still forming their identity and self-concept. This perfect, thin, and sickly ideal is something that is a cultural construct, being that not only do women not really look like this as proven by the statistic of underweight models, but those who try, usually can’t achieve this ideal, meaning that â€Å"merely being a women in society mean feeling too fat† (Rodin, Silberstein, and Striegelmoore., 1996). We can now understand that the media has detrimental effects on what women perceive as an ideal body type, but we are still largely in the dark as to why the media popularizes this body type and why women strive to attain it. Many theories and counter-cultures have emerged through this speculation, and one of the more prominent ones being that of the Fat Feminists. Our society has drawn a line between fat people and thin people, similar to (but not exactly like) the lines it has drawn based on gender, skin color, sexual orientation and class. (Lehman, pg. 13) The Fat Feminists basically materialized out of the Feminist Movement, because they felt that they were isolated and marginalized for their weight even amongst their peers who fought for equal treatment and rights across gender. They are a sub-culture amongst today’s women and Susie Orbach a founding activist of the movement and author of â€Å"Fat is a Feminist Issue† states that Fat Feminists, â€Å"believe that one’s size has nothing to do with one’s value as a human being† (Lehman, pg.13). This culture of women, make up the size-acceptance movement sometimes referred to as the fat liberations movement. It really started as a grassroots effort by people who identified as Fat Feminists and wanted to change societal and media views of fat people. Different groups and organizations such as The National Association for the Advancement of Fat Acceptance (NAAFA), and the International Size Acceptance Association (ISAA) formed throughout the diet-crazed years in the 1980’s and 90’s and advocated a â€Å"health at any size† approach to the medical treatment of obese people. These groups also point out the discrimination that fat people endure, such as the fact that employers still tend to react negatively to large job applicants. The Body Positive organization, which was founded to, â€Å"to create a cultural shift in people’s attitudes about weight, health, movement and beauty† conducted a recent study, which found, â€Å"that among their business school graduates, fatter or shorter executives earn less than their thinner and taller counterparts†. The authors of this study noted that they could not draw any significant conclusions about large women, because there weren’t enough large female business school graduates. In present, we now are living in a society where the ideal body type is literally unattainable to most women. The media isolates millions of these women from feeling normal and beautiful by perpetuating this ideal thin body type. The effects from the media have intensely damaging psychological and physical effects and this has prompted a new counter-culture to emerge and fight for the acceptance of fat people. Berel, Susan, and Lori M. Irving. Media and Disturbed Eating: An Analysis of Media Influence and Implications for Prevention. The Journal of Primary Prevention 18.4 (1998): 415-30. PsycINFO. Virginia Commonwealth University, 23 June 2007. Bridge, Norman M.D. â€Å"The Psychology of the Corset.† The Rewards of Taste and other Essays. 25 June 2007. Calogero, Rachel M., William N. Davis, and J. Kevin Thompson. The Role of Self- Objectification in The Experience of Women With Eating Disorders. Sex Roles: A Journal of Research. 52.1-2 (Jan 2005): 43. InfoTrac. Virginia Commonwealth University. 14 June 2007 . Clay, Daniel, Vivian L. Vignoles, and Helga Dittmar. â€Å"Body Image and Self-Esteem Among Adolescent Girls: Testing the Influence of Sociocultural Factors† Journal of Research on Adolescence.15.4 (2005): 451–477. PsycINFO. Virginia Commonwealth University, 23 June 2007. Dohnt, Hayley K., and Marika Tiggemann. Body image concerns in young girls: the role of peers and media prior to adolescence. Journal of Youth and Adolescence. 35.2 (April 2006): 141. InfoTrac OneFile. Virginia Commonwealth University. 14 June 2007 Douglas, Susan. Where the Girls Are: Growing up Female with the Mass Media. New York: Three Rivers Press, 1995. Dowshen, Steve. â€Å"How TV Affects Your Child.† Kids Health. February 2005. 19 June 2007. Feminism and Women’s Studies: Body Image and â€Å"Eating Disorders† Columbia University. 20 June 2007. Ferguson, Marjorie. Forever Feminine: Women’s Magazines and the Cult of Femininity. Chicago: Aldershot, 1983. Lehman JoAnne. â€Å"The Web of Size Acceptance: Internet Resources for Exploring a Feminist Issue.† Feminist Collections, 24.3 (2003):13. GenderWatch. Virginia Commonwealth University. 19 June 2007. Lucas, A. R., Beard, C. M., O_Fallon, W. M., Kurland, L. T. â€Å"50-year trends in the incidence of anorexia nervosa in Rochester, Minn.: A population-based study.† American Journal of Psychiatry. 148.7 (1991). PsycINFO. Virginia Commonwealth University, 23 June 2007. www.apa.ord/psycinfo Newman, Caryn E. â€Å" A History of Contraception and Abortion in the West.† Journal of Women’s History. 9.4 (1998): 226. GenderWatch. Virginia Commonwealth University. 19 June 2007. Park, Sung-Yeon. â€Å"The Influence of Presumed Media Influence on Women’s Desire to be Thin.† Communication Research. 32.5 (2005): 594-614. GenderWatch. Virginia Commonwealth University. 21 June 2007. Prasch, Thomas. â€Å"Victorian Women and The Gendering of Culture.† Journal of Womens History. 9.1 (1997): 192-202. GenderWatch. Virginia Commonwealth University, 19 June 2007. Rodin, J., Silberstein, L., Striegel-Moore, R. Women and Weight: A Normative Discontent. Psychology and Gender. (1983): 267-307. Nebraska Symposium on Motivation, Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press. Silverstein, B., Peterson, B. and Purdue, L. â€Å"Some Correlates of the Thin Standard of Physical Attractiveness of Women.† International Journal of Eating Disorders. 5: 898-905. PsycINFO. Virginia Commonwealth University, 23 June 2007. The Body Positive. 02 July 2007 Warren Catherine A. â€Å"The Girl on the Magazine Cover: The Origins of Visual Stereotypes in American Mass.† NWSA Journal. 15.3 (2003): 219-223. GenderWatch. Virginia Commonwealth University. 19 June 2007. Research Papers on Mass Media and Body ImageRelationship between Media Coverage and Social andEffects of Television Violence on ChildrenAnalysis Of A Cosmetics AdvertisementPersonal Experience with Teen PregnancyMarketing of Lifeboy Soap A Unilever ProductHarry Potter and the Deathly Hallows EssayHip-Hop is ArtTrailblazing by Eric AndersonStandardized TestingThe Spring and Autumn

Recruitment of Staff at the Bibliographic Section of the Library Assignment - 1

Recruitment of Staff at the Bibliographic Section of the Library - Assignment Example For instance, I need to consult with the head cataloguer and the head of the acquisition section for purposes of knowing the various needs of their departments. This will help in developing a plan that will consider their needs, and therefore meeting its objectives. Another issue in consideration while coming up with a plan is the objectives of the bibliographic section of the library (Library Management, 2008). Â  For instance, the bibliographic section of the library aims at serving students by providing up to date reading materials. To achieve this, I need to develop a plan that will motivate my staff into working towards this objective (Bryson, 2011). Finally, I need to consider the budget of the department, and the time period in which this plan will cover. This is to make it realistic and implementable. It is important to plan for the development of staff in relation to recruitment, training, orientation, continuing professional development because it will increase the efficiency in which the organization meets its objective, and will reduce the operational costs of the organization through proper budgeting. The department needs more staff in special collections, cataloguing, and acquisitions. On this note, the department prepares for recruitment in order to fill the vacancies in consideration. The existing staffs do not have current knowledge of library management, and they all need re-training. This will ensure they are efficient in their duties. Some of my staff, especially the clerks, are not motivated enough to seek for further knowledge, for purposes of improving their positions within the department. They are also not innovative, and this is not good for the department. On this note, there is a need for a plan for continuous professional development. Â  

Economics of Education Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 1

Economics of Education - Assignment Example Hanushek uses statistical analysis, typically regression analysis, to analyze results from a total of 137 studies. He samples the work to smaller groups depending on the number of researches that used a given parameter. He investigates three main factors that have greatly been used to determine basic school expenditures namely schools, expenditure and achievement. According to most researches, instructional expenditures accounts for approximately two thirds of a school’s expenditure. Instructional expenditures are determined by class sizes and teacher salaries. For these reason, he sampled a total of 7 expenditure parameters used in a majority of the investigated studies. These parameters include teacher/pupil ratio, teacher experience, teacher education, teacher salary, administrative inputs, expenditure/pupil, and facilities. By analyzing the impact of each of these parameters, Hanushek sought to show that there is no strong correlation between the level of expenditure and t he school performance and therefore, school policies should not be formulated based on this (Hanushek ). He carried out extensive regression analysis to show how results from different studies were statistically insignificant with the use of the seven parameters. The second study by Hedges et al. reanalyzes the literature review done by Hanushek. The researchers in this case began by setting a null hypothesis that the educational resource inputs do not have an impact on the performance of students. They used different statistical methods of analysis and the same data used by Hanushek to show that Hanushek’s vote count was inconsistent with the null hypothesis. They used a normal curve to show how the conclusions failed to consider basics of statistics analysis. Among the defects they were able to show in Hanushek’s work include failure to provide indications for the effects’ magnitude and using vote counting, yet it depicts low power in detecting defects. They c oncluded that Hanushek made a type II statistical analysis error by using this statistical method. To correct the mistakes in Hanushek’s work, they used sophisticated procedures namely combined significance tests and effect magnitude analysis. Combined significance tests are done by combining the p-values of significance values from all the studies that test similar conceptual hypothesis but uses different outcome measures and designs. Using this method, Hedge et al were able to show that there is a significant positive relationship between input resources and student performance. Effect magnitude analysis method is a method where coefficients from independent studies are combined. This method of analysis was also able to show a positive relationship between school inputs and performance. They used standard deviation methods to standardize both inputs as well as outputs. Question 2 Although both studies used the same data set to analyze the data, they had different conclusion s. Hanushek concluded that expenditure was statistically insignificant on student performance, while Hedge et al concluded that all the seven inputs had a positive effect on student performance. According to Hedge et al, the amount of expenditure input can help improve general student and school performance. These differences in conclusion are

Majority Opinion Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Majority Opinion - Case Study Example Since there was no evidence to the effect that students were required to profess the religious views presented in the books, then the plaintiffs, in this case, had no good basis of claiming that the requirement to read from the books amounted to the violation of the constitutional rights of the students and their parents. The basis that would well serve to make the requirement unconstitutional is if the students were compelled to do something that is against their religious belief, such as profess the religious views presented by the books (Shelly, 1994). The students were not required by any means to affirm the religious views presented or even practice such views. There was an assumption on the sides of the plaintiff that having the religious vies which was in contrast to their own belief presented in the form of poetry or fiction, entitled the children to believe in them. To indicate lack of consistency in the arguments presented by the plaintiff, one of them, Mrs. Frost held that it was all right to have their children taught other religions and philosophies, as long as such teachings did not undermine her religious beliefs, or the children had to be instructed on the error of the other religion (Fish, 1999). This serves to show that the plaintiffs believed their religion was the only one acceptable and thus, could be taught without the indication of its errors, while the other religions and philosophies had to underline this fact. This is an erroneous view of the intentions of the education system, in that it seeks to create wider knowledge, and thus cannot be limited to one religion. Another major aspect that offers support for the majority opinion by chief judge Lively is the fact that there appears an observed tendency of the plaintiff to interpret virtually everything theologically (Suber, 1987). Mrs. Frost holds that everything has to be interpreted in the Biblical perspective, arguing that there is no possible way, in which issues such as evolution a nd telepathy could be taught, without violating her religious beliefs.  

The Coca-Cola Value Chain Essay -- Value Chain for Coca-Cola

Introduction Coca Cola markets nearly 2,400 beverages products in over 200 geographic locations. As a result development of a superior value system is imperative to their operations. Throughout this paper we will analyze their value system by using Michael Porter's value chain analysis model. In an attempt to paint a current picture of the non-alcoholic beverage industry we will assess the market activity by using mergers, acquisitions and IPOà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢S as our benchmarks to determine if the market is growing or contracting. Value Chain Analysis A value chain is a model used to disaggregate a firm into its strategically relevant value generating activities, in order to evaluate each activity's contribution to the firm's performance (Terms V 2006). Through the analysis of this model we can gain insight as to how a firm creates their competitive advantage and shareholder value. The value chain of the nonalcoholic beverage industry contains five main activities. These include inbound logistics (suppliers), operations, outbound logistics (buyers/ customers), marketing and sales, and service. Inbound Logistics (Suppliers) Some of Coca Colaà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s most notable suppliers include Spherion, Jones Lang LaSalle, IBM, Ogilvy and Mather, IMI Cornelius, and Prudential. These companies provide Coca Cola with materials such as ingredients, packaging and machinery. In order to ensure that these materials are in satisfactory condition, Coca-cola has put certain standards in place which these suppliers must adhere to (The Supplier Guiding Principles). These include: compliance with laws and standards, laws and regulations, freedom of association and collective bargaining, forced and child labor, abuse of labor, discrimination, wages and b... ...com/gst/fullpage.html?res=980CEEDC123AF932A25751C0A9629C8B63 Symbol Technologies, Inc. (2003) Coca Cola FEMSA To Roll Out Symbol Rugged Mobile Computers for Next-Generation R. Retrieved October 25, 2006 from, http://www.symbol.com/news/pressreleases/press_releases_coca-cola_femsa.html Symbol Technologies, Inc. (2006) Coca Cola HBC Improves Sales Productivity by 25 Percent with Symbol Solutions. Retrieved October 24, 2006 from, http://www.scansource.com/symbol/files/CocaCola_CS.pdf Reuters (2006) Beverages (Nonalcoholic): Milestones. Retrieved October 24, 2006 from, http://www.investor.reuters.com/business/KeyDevelopmentsBusInd.aspx?industry=BEVNON&topiccodes=207&target=%2fbusiness%2fbussecindustry%2fbussecindfake%2fbusindmajerdev Yahoo Finance (2006) IPOà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s By Industry. Retrieved October 25, 2006 from, http://biz.yahoo.com/ipo/indg_m.html